The use of such readings is not to be insisted upon, unless a pastoral reason suggests it. 2. Therefore, all must listen with reverence to the readings from Gods word, for they make up an element of greatest importance in the Liturgy. Carrying the Book of the Gospels slightly elevated, the deacon precedes the priest as he approaches the altar or else walks at the priests side. They should be truly suited to perform this function and should receive careful preparation, so that the faithful by listening to the readings from the sacred texts may develop in their hearts a warm and living love for Sacred Scripture.[86]. The lector reads from the ambo the readings that precede the Gospel. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Decree on the Pastoral Office of Bishops, Christus Dominus, no. [2] Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 86). In the Lectionary for weekdays, readings are provided for each day of every week throughout the entire year; as a result, these readings are for the most part to be used on the days to which they are assigned, unless there occurs a solemnity, feast, or memorial that has its own proper New Testament readings, that is to say, readings in which mention is made of the Saint being celebrated. He also assists the priest in receiving the peoples gifts. Where there is a large number of priests, concelebration may take place even several times on the same day, wherever necessity or pastoral benefit suggest it. 23. It may be used when a Mass has no Preface of its own and on Sundays in Ordinary Time. 46: AAS 87 (1995), p. 306. 134. [63] Cf. At times, a longer and shorter form of the same text is given. In carrying this out, to the greatest extent possible the Lords Day is to be preserved and safeguarded, as the primordial holy day, and hence other celebrations, unless they be truly of the greatest importance, should not have precedence over it. It is also up to the priest, in the exercise of his office of presiding over the gathered assembly, to offer certain explanations that are foreseen in the rite itself. Amen. 126. Then, as appropriate, a few moments of silence may be observed. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. At Massthat is, the Lords Supperthe People of God is called together, with a priest presiding and acting in the person of Christ, to celebrate the memorial of the Lord, the Eucharistic Sacrifice. An altar is called fixed if it is attached to the floor so as not to be removeable; otherwise it is called moveable.. The priest introduces and concludes it, with the minister announcing the intentions. He faces the people and, with hands joined, says, Offerte vobis pacem (Let us offer each other the sign of peace). The Sequence, which is optional except on Easter Sunday and on Pentecost Day, is sung before the Alleluia. 0000009036 00000 n 50: AAS 90 (1998), p. 745. The Ceremonial of Bishops sets the context in no. no. 148. 280. [126] Cf. The priest himself or some other minister may also very briefly introduce the faithful to the Mass of the day. 22. When the Kyrie is sung as a part of the Act of Penitence, a trope may precede each acclamation. Then the lector goes to the ambo and, from the Lectionary already placed there before Mass, proclaims the first reading, to which all listen. Finally, the purpose of pursuing inculturation is not in any way the creation of new families of rites, but aims rather at meeting the needs of a particular culture in such a way that adaptations introduced either in the Missal or in combination with other liturgical books are not at variance with the distinctive character of the Roman Rite. [1] Ecumenical Council of Trent, Session 22, Doctrina de ss. endobj 1. stream Facing the minister, he greets the minister choosing one of the formulas of greeting. 298-299. Council of Trent, session 13, Decretum de ss. In this case the principal celebrant receives Communion under both kinds in the usual way (cf. 281. nos. no. 64. The celebration of Mass, as the action of Christ and the People of God arrayed hierarchically, is the center of the whole Christian life for the Church both universal and local, as well as for each of the faithful individually. [33] In celebrations at which the Bishop presides, and especially in the celebration of the Eucharist led by the Bishop himself with the presbyterate, the deacons, and the people taking part, the mystery of the Church is revealed. Their purpose is to ensure that the faithful who come together as one establish communion and dispose themselves to listen properly to Gods word and to celebrate the Eucharist worthily. A concelebrated Mass, whatever its form, is arranged in accordance with the norms commonly in force (cf. If incense is used, the priest then puts some in the thurible, blesses it without saying anything, and incenses the offerings, the cross, and the altar. 3a, b: AAS 59 (1967), pp. 184. Sacrosanctum Concilium, nos. These ministers should not approach the altar before the priest has received Communion, and they are always to receive from the hands of the priest celebrant the vessel containing either species of the Most Holy Eucharist for distribution to the faithful. Hence, it is desirable that these duties be suitably distributed among several acolytes. 10; The Roman Ritual, Book of Blessings, edito typica, 1984, Order for the Blessing of Images for Public Veneration by the Faithful, nos. Then the priest invites those present to take part in the Act of Penitence, which, after a brief pause for silence, the entire community carries out through a formula of general confession. After this prayer is concluded, extending and then joining his hands, he gives the greeting of peace while facing the people and saying, Pax Domini sit simper vobiscum (The peace of the Lord be with you always). It is a praiseworthy practice that the Book of the Gospels be placed upon the altar. 104. 160, 283); The materials for the altar and sacred furnishings, especially the sacred vessels, and also the materials, form, and color of the liturgical vestments (cf. 96. Holy Week begins with Palm Sunday. After the Sanctus, the priest concelebrants continue the Eucharistic Prayer in the way described below. Churches, therefore, and other places should be suitable for carrying out the sacred action and for ensuring the active participation of the faithful. 38). At the end of the Eucharistic Prayer, the priest takes the paten with the host and the chalice and elevates them both while alone singing or saying the doxology, Per ipsum (Through him). particularly Codex Iuris Canonici, can. 181. All listen and at the end respond to the acclamation, as noted above (no. Finally, if the participation of the faithful and their spiritual welfare require variations and more thoroughgoing adaptations in order that the sacred celebration respond to the culture and traditions of the different peoples, then Bishops Conferences may propose such to the Apostolic See in accordance with article 40 of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy for introduction with the latters consent, especially in the case of peoples to whom the Gospel has been more recently proclaimed. 79b). CHAPTER I The Importance and Dignity of the Eucharistic Celebration, 16. There are two kinds of bows: a bow of the head and a bow of the body. 127. 11. 171-186) and likewise carries out the other parts, that is, those of the people. James Patrick Moroney Executive Director, Secretariat for the Liturgy United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. These readings should be followed strictly. Following the example of Christ, the Church has always used bread and wine with water to celebrate the Lords Supper. Harmonious planning and carrying out of the rites will be of great assistance in disposing the faithful to participate in the Eucharist. He may also carry out the preparation of the chalice at the credence table. If, however, the minister does not receive Communion, the priest, after genuflecting, takes the host and, facing the altar, says quietly the Domine, non sum dignus (Lord, I am not worthy) and the Corpus Christi custodiat (May the Body of Christ bring) and then receives the Body of Christ. An individual priest is, however, permitted to celebrate the Eucharist individually, though not at the same time as a concelebration is taking place in the same church or oratory. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Inter Oecumenici, On the orderly carrying out of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, 26 September 1964, no. Or. In this matter as well, a noble simplicity should be ensured such as is the best companion of genuine art. 13; Codex Iuris Canonici, can. 97. Thus, images of the Lord, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the Saints, in accordance with the Churchs most ancient tradition, should be displayed for veneration by the faithful in sacred buildings[133] and should be arranged so as to usher the faithful toward the mysteries of faith celebrated there. [76] Cf. 48-51, p. 99; Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, Instruction Calendaria particularia, 24 June 1970, no. [106] Cf. PDF HOLY THURSDAY EVENING MASS OF THE LORD'S SUPPER - St. Gerald [109] Cf. III. For this same reason, concelebration is recommended whenever priests gather together with their own Bishop either on the occasion of a retreat or at any other meeting. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, nos. 0000002162 00000 n 83). It is especially recommended to celebrate the commemoration of the Blessed Virgin Mary on Saturday, because it is to the Mother of the Redeemer in the Liturgy of the Church that in the first place and before all the Saints veneration is given.[145]. [27] Cf. Otherwise all who pass before the Most Blessed Sacrament genuflect, unless they are moving in procession. While the Agnus Dei is sung or said, the deacons or some of the concelebrants may help the principal celebrant break the hosts for Communion, both of the concelebrants and of the people. Upon returning to the altar, the priest collects any fragments that may remain. 384. 2023 United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. When he reaches the altar, if he is carrying the Book of the Gospels, he omits the sign of reverence and goes up to the altar. 0000012141 00000 n 348. [92] Cf. After the priests blessing, the deacon, with hands joined and facing the people, dismisses them, saying, Ite, missa est (The Mass is ended, go in peace). Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 109. 54: AAS 59 (1967), p. 568; cf. [6] Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, nos. Once the offerings have been placed on the altar and the accompanying rites completed, the invitation to pray with the priest and the prayer over the offerings conclude the preparation of the gifts and prepare for the Eucharistic Prayer. The commemoration of the dead (Memento) and the Nobis quoque peccatoribus (Though we are sinners) are appropriately assigned to one or other of the concelebrants, who speaks them aloud alone, with hands extended. below, Appendix, Order of Commissioning a Minister to Distribute Holy Communion on a Single Occasion, p. 1253. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. Holy Week - Easter / Lent - Catholic Online The directions for what the priest should do once he reaches the place of reposition have been supplemented. Care should be taken that singers, too, can receive Communion with ease. 97-98: AAS 56 (1964), p. 899. The alb may not be replaced by a surplice, not even over a cassock, on occasions when a chasuble or dalmatic is to be worn or when, according to the norms, only a stole is worn without a chasuble or dalmatic. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. [109] In fact, just as she is intent on preserving the works of art and the artistic treasures handed down from past centuries[110] and, insofar as necessary, on adapting them to new needs, so also she strives to promote new works of art that are in harmony with the character of each successive age. The Roman Missal and the Celebration of the Lord's Passion on Good 327. Ritual Masses are celebrated in their proper color, in white, or in a festive color; Masses for Various Needs, on the other hand, are celebrated in the color proper to the day or the season or in violet if they are of a penitential character, for example, in The Roman Missal, no. Everything else is done by the principal celebrant in the usual way until the end of Mass (cf. Other Masses for the Dead, that is, daily Masses, may be celebrated on weekdays in Ordinary Time on which optional memorials occur or when the Office is of the weekday, provided such Masses are actually applied for the dead. 4 0 obj Institution narrative and consecration: In which, by means of words and actions of Christ, the Sacrifice is carried out which Christ himself instituted at the Last Supper, when he offered his Body and Blood under the species of bread and wine, gave them to his Apostles to eat and drink, and left them the command to perpetuate this same mystery. II. In these Masses, therefore, individuals should exercise the office proper to the Order or ministry they have received. 322. 3. [89] Cf. 117), are to be appropriately placed either on or around the altar in a way suited to the design of the altar and the sanctuary so that the whole may be well balanced and not interfere with the faithfuls clear view of what takes place at the altar or what is placed on it. The chief elements making up the Eucharistic Prayer may be distinguished in this way: Thanksgiving (expressed especially in the Preface): In which the priest, in the name of the entire holy people, glorifies God the Father and gives thanks for the whole work of salvation or for some special aspect of it that corresponds to the day, festivity, or season. no. 80. For you alone are the Holy One, you alone are the Lord, you alone are the Most High, Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit, in the glory of God the Father. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> 256. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCBs) mission is to encounter the mercy of Christ and to accompany His people with joy. [44] Thus, while the priest is speaking these texts, there should be no other prayers or singing, and the organ or other musical instruments should be silent. Accompanied by two ministers with lighted candles, the veiled cross is brought to the center of the sanctuary in procession. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. As soon as the communicant receives the host, he or she consumes it entirely. Once these proposals have been duly approved by the Apostolic See, experiments should be carried out for specified periods and at specified places. nos. 5. [16] Cf. 0000002933 00000 n Its purpose is to express the communicants union in spirit by means of the unity of their voices, to show joy of heart, and to highlight more clearly the communitarian nature of the procession to receive Communion. 904. [95] Cf. PDF PROCESSION OF HOLY OILS INTO THE PARISH CHURCH - Roman Catholic Diocese On the weekdays in Ordinary Time, it is possible to choose either a weekday Mass, or the Mass of an optional memorial which happens to occur on that day, or the Mass of any Saint listed in the Martyrology for that day, or a Mass for Various Needs, or a Votive Mass. [23] Cf. He incenses the book and proclaims the Gospel reading. 395-399 are to be observed. Your Essential Guide to the Triduum - Busted Halo 229. When in fact there is no choir, it is up to the cantor to lead the different chants, with the people taking part.[88]. This is particularly true in the communal Sunday celebration.[93]. After the Eucharistic Prayer is concluded, the priest, with hands joined, says the introduction to the Lords Prayer. -in vesting order for C, biretta, amice, alb, white23 cincture, maniple, stole and chasuble.-white cope and humeral veil for the Translation.24 Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Instruction Varietates legitimate, 25 January 1994, nos. 3: AAS 72 (1980), pp. Immediately after the blessing, with hands joined, the priest adds, Ite, missa est (The Mass is ended, go in peace), and all answer, Deo gratias (Thanks be to God). When the Alleluia is begun, all rise, except for a Bishop, who puts incense into the thurible without saying anything and blesses the deacon or, if there is no deacon, the concelebrant who is to proclaim the Gospel. If incense is used, the deacon assists the priest during the incensation of the gifts, the cross, and the altar; afterwards, the deacon himself or the acolyte incenses the priest and the people. Those who do not kneel ought to make a profound bow when the priest genuflects after the consecration. 22. 0000000016 00000 n It ends with Holy Saturday. The cross, if situated on or near the altar, is incensed by the priest before he incenses the altar; otherwise, he incenses it when he passes in front of it. 130. [127] Cf. [14] Ecumenical Council of Trent, Session 22, Doctrina de ss. Furthermore, it is desirable that, as a rule, an acolyte, a lector, and a cantor should be there to assist the priest celebrant. trailer At the same time, in accord with the decisions of the Conference of Bishops, all offer one another a sign that expresses peace, communion, and charity. 2616 13 It is a praiseworthy practice for the parts that are to be said by all the concelebrants together and for which musical notation is provided in the Missal to be sung. 29. 33). and became man); in the Roman Canon at the words Supplices te rogamus (Almighty God, we pray that your angel). 0000013961 00000 n endobj As for the sign of peace to be given, the manner is to be established by Conferences of Bishops in accordance with the culture and customs of the peoples. Indeed, when the Fathers of the Second Vatican Council reaffirmed the dogmatic pronouncements of the Council of Trent, they spoke at a far different time in world history, so that they were able to bring forward proposals and measures of a pastoral nature that could not have even been foreseen four centuries earlier. Above all, they should instruct the Christian faithful that the Catholic faith teaches that Christ, whole and entire, and the true Sacrament, is received even under only one species, and consequently that as far as the effects are concerned, those who receive under only one species are not deprived of any of the grace that is necessary for salvation.[106]. nos. Then the psalmist or even a lector proclaims the verses of the Psalm and the people sing or say the response as usual. The people make the prayer their own by the acclamation, Amen. During Lent it is forbidden for the altar to be decorated with flowers. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, Instruction Actio pastoralis, On Masses with special groups, 15 May 1969: AAS 61 (1969), pp. 120-169) the minister saying the peoples parts as appropriate. Precious in the eyes of the LORD. 91: AAS 56 (1964), p. 898. The readings, therefore, should be proclaimed by a lector, and the Gospel by a deacon or, in his absence, a priest other than the celebrant. H\j0l/J[0bR[c"o?*3KHIr$0&v{0 pXgvfz y\;ef8 The concelebrants approach the altar one after another or, if two chalices are used, two by two. SOME GENERAL NORMS FOR ALL FORMS OF MASS, Veneration of the Altar and the Book of the Gospels. 0000000572 00000 n 0000004378 00000 n Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy. 374. 0000008345 00000 n Then the priest, with hands joined, quietly says the preparatory prayer of Communion: Domine Iesu Christe, Fili Dei vivi (Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the living God) or Perceptio Corporis et Sanguinis (Lord Jesus Christ, with faith in your love and mercy). The intentions are announced from the ambo or from another suitable place, by the deacon or by a cantor, a lector, or one of the lay faithful.[68]. On reaching the altar, the priest and ministers make a profound bow. The priest purifies the chalice at the credence table or at the altar. 33. After the Lords Prayer is concluded, the priest alone, with hands extended, says the embolism Libera nos (Deliver us). [15] Since no Catholic would now deny the lawfulness and efficacy of a sacred rite celebrated in Latin, the Council was also able to grant that the use of the vernacular language may frequently be of great advantage to the people and gave the faculty for its use.1[16] The enthusiasm in response to this measure has been so great everywhere that it has led, under the leadership of the Bishops and the Apostolic See itself, to permission for all liturgical celebrations in which the people participate to be in the vernacular, for the sake of a better comprehension of the mystery being celebrated. Penitential Act The Priest invites the faithful to the Penitential Act. If, however, according to the norms a feast is raised to the rank of a solemnity, a third reading is added, taken from the Common. The Churchs intention, however, is that the faithful not only offer this spotless Victim but also learn to offer themselves,[71] and so day by day to be consummated, through Christ the Mediator, into unity with God and with each other, so that at last God may be all in all.[72]. [42] Cf. 61. % Besides sacred vessels and sacred vestments for which some special material is prescribed, other furnishings that either are intended for strictly liturgical use[140] or are in any other way admitted into a church should be worthy and suited to their particular purpose. 33. For the proper construction, restoration, and remodeling of sacred buildings, all who are involved in the work are to consult the diocesan commission on the sacred Liturgy and sacred Art. <> 107), the distribution of Holy Communion under both kinds (cf. 1118-1121. 880-899. Then he takes the chalice, saying quietly, Sanguis Christi custodiat me in vitam aeternam (May the Blood of Christ bring me to everlasting life), and reverently receives the Blood of Christ. The Place for the Choir and the Musical Instruments, 312. The altar may be decorated with flowers (Holy Thursday, 5). also Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Musicam sacram, On music in the Liturgy, 5 March 1967, no. Bishop Paprocki, Archbishop Naumann speak out in support of Traditional 365), he selects a Eucharistic Prayer from those found in The Roman Missal or approved by the Apostolic See. Still others, such as the prayers for the Church, the laity, the sanctification of human work, the community of all peoples, and certain needs proper to our era, have been newly composed, drawing on the thoughts and often the very phrasing of the recent documents of the Council. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 206. 267. 32. 0 In Eucharistic Prayer III, the Vere Sanctus (Father, you are holy indeed) is spoken by the principal celebrant alone, with hands extended. 95: AAS 56 (1964), p. 898. The concluding rites are carried out as at a Mass with a congregation, but the dismissal formula is omitted. 377. endobj endstream 0000004723 00000 n PDF Holy Week Guidelines 2022-English - LA Catholics Either in the sanctuary, apart from the altar of celebration, in a form and place more appropriate, not excluding on an old altar no longer used for celebration (cf. 345. no. It is appropriate to have a fixed altar in every church, since it more clearly and permanently signifies Christ Jesus, the living stone (1 Pt 2:4; cf. The faithful are not permitted to take the consecrated bread or the sacred chalice by themselves and, still less, to hand them from one to another. The chalice is always wiped either by the one who drinks from it or by the one who presents it. 31. 362); The form of the gesture of peace (cf. General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, nos. 0000008613 00000 n 333. Furthermore, great attention is to be paid to whatever is directly associated with the altar and the Eucharistic celebration, e.g., the altar cross and the cross carried in procession. The altar should be built apart from the wall, in such a way that it is possible to walk around it easily and that Mass can be celebrated at it facing the people, which is desirable wherever possible. After the celebration of Mass, the acolyte and other ministers return in procession to the sacristy, together with the deacon and the priest in the same way and order in which they entered. When there is an Entrance Procession, the following are also to be prepared: the Book of the Gospels; on Sundays and festive days, the thurible and the boat with incense, if incense is used; the cross to be carried in procession; and candlesticks with lighted candles. 365. Then the priest, with hands extended, says the prayer over the offerings. [102] Cf. 193. 285. 119-186. A Bishop blesses the people with the appropriate formula, making the Sign of the Cross three times over the people.[99]. At the altar the priest accepts the paten with the bread. [108], 289. They genuflect, partake of the Blood of Christ, wipe the rim of the chalice, and return to their seats. [50] Cf. We ask this through Christ our Lord, Amen. Otherwise, they wear their proper choir dress or a surplice over a cassock. 0000005734 00000 n If it is sung, it is begun by the priest or, if this is appropriate, by a cantor or by the choir. 188. [91] Cf. Ecumenical Council of Trent, Session 22, Doctrina de ss. [149] Cf. So, we are invited to obtain the "joy of His pardon with repentance and with the Sacrament of Reconciliation, and to begin a spiritual recovery with hearts open more to God . 233. 11. 112-198), except for those matters that are to be observed, even with appropriate adaptation to circumstances, as set forth below. The celebration of the Eucharist in a sacred place is to be carried out on an altar; but outside a sacred place, it may be carried out on a suitable table, always with the use of a cloth, a corporal, a cross, and candles. The concelebrants who are nearer the principal celebrant receive the sign of peace from him before the deacon does. In the celebration of the Mass with a congregation, the readings are always proclaimed from the ambo. below). 570-571; Paul VI, Encyclical Letter Mysterium fidei, On the doctrine and worship of the Eucharist, 3 September 1965: AAS 57(1965), pp. At the same time, however, the sacred vestments should also contribute to the beauty of the sacred action itself. 294. Exceptions are Laetare Sunday (Fourth Sunday of Lent), solemnities, and feasts. A duly instituted acolyte, as an extraordinary minister, may, if necessary, assist the priest in giving Communion to the people. If there is no singing, however, the Communion antiphon found in the Missal may be recited either by the faithful, or by some of them, or by a lector. 0000010022 00000 n THE DISTRIBUTION OF DUTIES AND THE PREPARATION OF THE CELEBRATION. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium, no. 28; Order of Crowning an Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary, editio typica, 1981, nos. Care should be taken, however, to ensure the authenticity of such relics. Sacred Congregation of Rites, Instruction Eucharisticum mysterium, On the worship of the Eucharist, 25 May 1967. no. 5. %PDF-1.7 [60], 57. 217. To bring to completion the prayer of the People of God, and also to conclude the entire Communion Rite, the priest says the Prayer after Communion, in which he prays for the fruits of the mystery just celebrated. The liturgical duties that are not proper to the priest or the deacon and are listed in nos. 283. 697-704; The Roman Pontifical, Rites of Ordination of a Bishop, of Priests, and of Deacons, editio typica altera, 1989, no. 111. 155. Paul VI, Apostolic Letter Sacrum diaconatus ordinem, 18 June 1967: AAS 59 (1967), pp. The priest, joining his hands again and then immediately placing his left hand on his breast, raises his right hand and adds, Benedicat vos omnipotens Deus (May Almighty God bless you) and, as he makes the Sign of the Cross over the people, continues, Pater, et Filius, et Spiritus Sanctus (the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit). 316. In the Eucharistic Prayer, thanks is given to God for the whole work of salvation, and the offerings become the Body and Blood of Christ. The following also exercise a liturgical function: The sacristan, who carefully arranges the liturgical books, the vestments, and other things necessary in the celebration of Mass.
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