Sakura-Chan. Breweries may use tap water and filter and adjust components. Sake Drink Pronunciation. Is closely tied with Japanese culture. How did the two pronunciations come about? With that, I am a strong believer in pronouncing (or at least trying to pronounce) foods correctly because, hey, it deserves the extra effort! According to the Japan Sake and Shochu Makers Association, premium sake makes up 25% of total sake production, and non-premium sake (futsushu) makes up 75% of sake production. Under Japanese liquor laws, sake is labeled with the word seishu (; 'refined alcohol'), a synonym not commonly used in conversation. The word sake is actually a homonym in Japanese, which means that it can be pronounced in two different ways. In addition, it is thought to improve mental health and dementia prevention. Manganese, when exposed to ultraviolet light, will also contribute to discoloration. When you pour sake, you should hold the bottle in your right hand near the top and support the bottom with your left hand. Yeast then ferment the glucose and other sugar into alcohol. The wide rim of the cup ensures that the sake fragrance remains fresh when it is rubbed against the drinkers lips before touching them. Hope this helps. For old times' sake The benefit or regard of someone or something. The cup has a wide rim that ensures that the drinker enjoys the fragrance of the sake, even before the drink touches his or her lips. The koshu is an exception. Rice is fermented to produce sake, which is produced by combining koji fungus and yeast. The core of the rice grain is rich in starch, while the outer layers of the grain contain higher concentrations of fats, vitamins, and proteins. Until then, sake had been made in jars with a capacity of 1, 2, or 3 koku at the most, and some sake brewers used to make sake by arranging 100 jars.[18][19]. 01 Mar 2023 03:00:57 During the sake making season, breweries may be closed to the general public. Sake is the Japanese way to say the drink, and saki is the English way to pronounce it. Sake is traditionally served in units of g, and this is still common, but other sizes are sometimes also available. [11][12][1] Some scholars believe the Japanese domesticated the mutated, detoxified Aspergillus flavus to give rise to Aspergillus oryzae.[12][13][14]. The horseradish-like condiment is known to open up the nasal passages. The Japanese Sake Association encourages people to drink chaser water for their health, and the water is called Yawaragi-mizu.[84]. Incidentally, as of 2022, so much distilled alcohol is not allowed to be added, and under the provisions of the Liquor Tax Act, 50% of the weight of rice is the upper limit for the most inexpensive sake classified as futs-shu. [21], During this period, frequent natural disasters and bad weather caused rice shortages, and the Tokugawa shogunate issued sake brewing restrictions 61 times. The cups used for drinking sake are generally small cylindrical vessels called o-choko or choko ( , o- is an honorific prefix in Japanese used such as o-sake and o-makase ), but may also include flatter shapes such as wide-mouthed bowls. About Sake. [45][46], If the sake is made with rice with a higher percentage of its husk and the outer portion of the core milled off, then more rice will be required to make that particular sake, which will take longer to produce. [45][46], Premium sake is mostly made from sake rice. how do the English pronunciations differ from the Japanese pronunciation? Water is involved in almost every major sake brewing process, from washing the rice to diluting the final product before bottling. 2. Of the more than 800 junmai ginj-shu evaluated by Robert Parker's team, 78 received a score of 90 or more (eRobertParker2016). In 1936, Yamada Nishiki, the most suitable sake rice for brewing ginj-shu, became the recommended variety of Hyogo Prefecture. For example, when referring to the Japanese alcoholic beverage, many people spell it as sake. However, when referring to the rice wine, the spelling saki is more commonly used. Yogurt & Sake 3 3. 5. [9] The brewing of shch, called "Imosake" started and was sold at the central market in Kyoto. And to top it all off, we also have omiki () which is the sacred sake served during special occasions such as New Years or weddings. In some Japanese restaurants, as a show of generosity, the server may put a glass inside the masu or put the masu on a saucer and pour until sake overflows and fills both containers. The rice mash is pressed and filtered, and then allowed to mature for about 9 to 12 months. To denote generosity the drink is poured in a manner that it fills the inner contains and then overflows into the outer one. [15][16][17], A huge tub (ja:) with a capacity of 10 koku (1,800 liters) was invented at the end of the Muromachi period, making it possible to mass-produce sake more efficiently than before. The Different Types of Sake: Junmai, Ginjo, Daiginjo, More. [96], If these types of sake, which were clear or white at first, turn yellow or brown, it is a sign that the flavor has deteriorated. The correct way to say sake in Japanese is sah-keh. Convincing English speakers to adopt sake would surely be an uphill battle but not an impossible one! I am passionate about the art and science of mixology and I love sharing my knowledge and experience with others through Lipolounges blog. Keep up. Sake is often consumed as part of Shinto purification rituals. Learn in the following article. Sak has a higher alcohol content than either beer or wine. [23] While it can now be brewed year-round, seasonality is still associated with sake, particularly artisanal ones. The drinks Alcohol By Volume (ABV) is not as high as it is for other types of sake. There are eight varieties of special-designation sake. Panko has become a popular ingredient that chefs use to create crispy, crunchy, deep-fried foods that arent too heavy on the stomach. [29] The Meiji government adopted a system in which taxes were collected when sake was finished, instead of levying taxes on the amount and price of sake at the time of sale to ensure more revenue from liquor taxes. Our Banking & Finance team is at your disposal to assist you in this respect. This three-ingredient cocktail is anything but ordinary. Such vessels can be bought online. These things are described in Goshu no nikki (ja:), the oldest known technical book on sake brewing written in 1355 or 1489, and Tamonin nikki (ja:), a diary written between 1478 and 1618 by monks of Kfuku-ji Temple in the Muromachi period. From around 1965, more and more manufacturers began to work on the research and development of ginj-shu, and by about 1968, the Kyokai yeast No. [28], In Japan, sake has long been taxed by the national government. Meanwhile the rest of us will do our best not to say saki, for saks sake! or post as a guest. Now, before you go thinking that were being sticklers for Japanese pronunciation you might be surprised to find that there are actually a lot of different ways to pronounce sake. Its just that none of them are saki. [43], The rice used for brewing sake is called sakamai () ('sake rice'), or officially shuz ktekimai () ('sake-brewing suitable rice'). On the other hand, sake made with less milled rice but with attention to various factors tends to have a rich sweetness and flavor derived from rice. English has occasionally had a hard time incorporating Japanese terms. For example, sake under the brand name Aramasa () must be kept refrigerated at all times, even if it is junmai-shu, which has been pasteurized. [53] Multiple parallel fermentation is the conversion of starch into glucose followed by immediate conversion into alcohol. Noun. While the differences may seem minor you will need to experiment a bit to discover your preference in the alcohol. Yamahai: This is a method of making sake that uses lactic acid bacteria. Sake for alcohol ( ) sounds more like sa (like how you pronounce the sa in savant) ke (like how you pronounce the ke in kept or ketchup). Discovering The Alcohol Content In Celebrity Cruises Martini Bar Offerings, The Connection Between Fruit Punch And Urinary Tract Infections: Understanding The Risks And Taking Precautions, Punch Drunk Love: An Unconventional Look At Love And Relationships. We use it to remove odors, to add flavor, and to add umami to dishes. Most material 2005, 1997, 1991 by Penguin Random House LLC. sake in American English (seik) noun 1. cause, account, interest, or benefit for the sake of all students 2. purpose or end for the sake of appearances SYNONYMS 1. regard, consideration, respect. The popular Japanese alcoholic beverage sake is well-known throughout the world. What does for fuck's sake expression mean? This method of producing starter mash is called bodaimoto, which is the origin of kimoto. According to sake media outlet Sake no shizuku, which interviewed several major sake production companies, the responses from all companies were nearly identical. From 1930 to 1931, a new type of rice milling machine was invented, which made it possible to make rice with a polishing ratio of about 50%, removing the miscellaneous taste derived from the surface part of the rice grain to make sake with a more aromatic and refreshing taste than before. Tastes less acidic and has more "umami" than wine. Good sake has a lot of these components in it: good rice, clean water, and koji mold. While the word is spelled as sake, it is pronounced as /sakeh/, s as in sigh, a as in father, k as in kind and e is pronounced as a short e. It is estimated to be utilized until the Onin War (14671477). For the sake of argument Purpose or end; reason. A sake is available in a variety of styles, including dry sh*ch*, sweet sh*ch*, and fruity sh*ch*. This number equals the milliliters of titrant required to neutralize the acid in 10mL (0.35impfloz; 0.34USfloz) of sake. Throughout the month of March, guests are encouraged to round up their in-store check to the nearest dollar in support of the . Tokubetsu Junmai - Junmai sake made from rice polished at least 65%. 1 a : to take liquid into the mouth for swallowing eating and drinking b : to receive into one's consciousness drinking deep of the culture which surrounds them L. R. Ward 2 : to partake of alcoholic beverages has quit drinking 3 : to make or join in a toast I'll drink to that! But, like beer, sake is brewed. Its a simple word with a pronunciation that doesnt fall into the trap of sounding affected and is also very much in tune with other English words, so saying it like a native speaker shouldnt be a major adjustment for most folks. On average, sake alcohol content is between 15% and 16%. for God's or goodness' or heaven's sake por (el amor de) Dios. The other way to pronounce sake is saki, which is the way it is usually pronounced in English. Around 1953, the "Kyokai yeast No. The brewing process for sake differs from the process for beer, where the conversion from starch to sugar and then from sugar to alcohol occurs in two distinct steps. "[52] Given its safety record in the scientific literature and extensive history of safe use (spanning several hundred years) in the Japanese food industry, the FDA and World Health Organization (WHO) also support the safety of A. oryzae for use in the production of foods like sake. What makes these crumbs so special? [79][80], San-do () indicates the concentration of acid, which is determined by titration with sodium hydroxide solution. For example, a rice polishing ratio of 70% means that 70% of the original rice grain remains and 30% has been polished away.[48]. [57][58][59] It is a highly respected job in the Japanese society, with tji being regarded like musicians or painters. Unfortunately, this device does not support voice recording, Click the record button again to finish recording. sake ( sek) n 1. benefit or interest (esp in the phrase for ( someone's or one's own) sake) 2. the purpose of obtaining or achieving (esp in the phrase for the sake of ( something )) 3. used in various exclamations of impatience, urgency, etc: for heaven's sake; for pete's sake. Sake or Japanese rice wine originates from Japan and is a popular alcoholic beverage all over the world. Typical values are between 3 (sweet) and +10 (dry), equivalent to specific gravities ranging between 1.007 and 0.998, though the maximum range of Nihonshu-do can go much beyond that. The national beverage of Japan, sake (pronounced "sah-KAY," but usually called something more like "sockey" by Americans), is a fermented rice beverage typically referred to as a rice wine . Ginger Ale & Sake 4 4. Such a search tool may include criteria such as the customers choice in wine or beer and the food with which one may wish to pair the drink. 2019 Episode 47. The ABV (alcohol by volume) of beer is typically between 3 and 9 percent, while wine is between 9 and . Most online stores offer customers an extensive search tool that can help them select a bottle that would please them. And by slowly fermenting rice at low temperatures using high-milled rice and a newly developed yeast, ginj-shu with a fruity flavor was created. First of all, lets have a little recap about what sake actually is: Sake is a Japanese alcoholic drink that is brewed from fermented rice. Rice is fermented to produce sake, which is produced by combining koji fungus and yeast. Define for God's sake. sakes) Cause, interest or account. A Junmai-style sake is one of the most versatile sakes, capable of being served chilled, room temperature, hot, or at room temperature. [54] This process distinguishes sake from other liquors like beer because it occurs in a single vat, whereas with beer, for instance, starch-to-glucose conversion and glucose-to-alcohol conversion occur in separate vats. [27] The government opened the sake-brewing research institute in 1904, and in 1907 the first government-run sake-tasting competition was held. So now you know how to say sake correctly in Japanese! This is very common for hot sake, where the flask is heated in hot water, and the small cups ensure that the sake does not get cold in the cup, but it may also be used for chilled sake. [53], The fermentation process of sake is a multiple parallel fermentation unique to sake. During the war, large amounts of distilled alcohol and glucose were added to small quantities of rice mash, increasing the yield by as much as four times. It can be made with either alcohol () or salmon (). Wasabi [ wah-sah-bi, not wuh-sah-bi] Wasabi is the pungent, green paste that often accompanies sushi rolls. 1. Can you pronounce this word better or pronounce in different accent or variation ? [50] When assessing its safety, it is important to note that A. oryzae lacks the ability to produce toxins, unlike the closely related Aspergillus flavus. [67], Sake made with highly milled rice has a strong aroma and a light taste without miscellaneous taste. The government started hailing the use of enamel tanks as easy to clean, lasting forever, and devoid of bacterial problems. 6. Sake is a national drink of Japan and also a window into the extraordinary spirit of Japanese craftsmanship and intricate layers of Japan's culture. Tomato Juice & Sake - 'Red Sun' 5 5. [36] As of 2022, the value of Japan's alcoholic beverage exports was approximately 139.2 billion yen, with Japanese whisky in first place at 56.1 billion yen and sake in second place at 47.5 billion yen. Ground Shipping on all orders always $12.99. In the world of words and the diversity of accents and local dialects, some words can be extremely hard to pronounce. Most premium sake is best consumed chilled or at room temperature (especially if you intend to drink it priceyly like ginejo or daiginjo). 1897, Winston Churchill, The Celebrity, chapter 1: " When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. Breweries that sell their goods also have a museum or an on-site shop where customers can purchase them. That email doesn't look right. Specifically, 78.3% of the sake entered in the Zenkoku shinshu kanpykai (, National New Sake Appraisal), the largest sake contest, had distilled alcohol added, and 91.1% of the winning sake had it added. In salmon, the first syllable may have a high pitch, whereas alcohol has flat intenations. Since you have exceeded your time limit, your recording has been stopped. If you intend to order sake at a restaurant or bar, it is recommended that you read up on the various types of sake. By the Genroku era (16881704) of the Edo period (16031867), a brewing method called hashira jch () was developed in which a small amount of distilled alcohol (shch) was added to the mash to make it more aromatic and lighter in taste, while at the same preventing deterioration in quality. In order to help or gain an advantage over another person, please do so for Davids sake. Typically, hot sake is a winter drink, and high-grade sake is not usually drunk hot because the flavors and aromas may be lost. Published on November 17, 2020. The reason for polishing is a result of the composition and structure of the rice grain itself. 1. . Respect each other and enjoy sake communication! Sweet (sh**ch*), rice (wakam), f*jin (yam), and miso (miso-ke) are the four major types of sweet. Alcoholic beverages are made from fermented rice. Though fugu has poisonous properties, licensed Japanese chefs who have dedicated at least 2-3 years of fugu preparation training are legally allowed to prepare and serve this poisonous puffer fish. Sake, often translated as Saki, Japanese rice wine or rice wine, is a Japanese alcoholic beverage made from fermented rice. The most effective way to encourage the correct pronunciation of sake is by adding an accented , similar to whats seen in words like caf and resum. Before the 1440s in the Muromachi period (13331573), the Buddhist temple Shryaku-ji invented various innovative methods for making sake. Explore The Fascinating History And Production Process Of Bacardi White Rum: Is It Aged? [85] Sake is traditionally sold by the g-sized cup, or in a 1.8L (63impfloz; 61USfloz) (one sh or ten g)-sized flask (called an isshbin, or 'one sh-measure bottle'). Thus, sake made with rice that has been highly milled is usually more expensive than sake that has been made with less-polished rice. In Japanese, the character sake (kanji: , Japanese pronunciation:[sake]) can refer to any alcoholic drink, while the beverage called sake in English is usually termed nihonshu (; meaning 'Japanese alcoholic drink'). While modern breweries with cooling tanks operate year-round, most old-fashioned sake breweries are seasonal, operating only in the cool winter months. Sake has been an interest of Ben Bell's for over a decade. The three lines on the left here are a compressed version of the kanji character for water, while the shape on the right is an evolved form of a pictograph depicting a hollowed-out gourd; a common old-timey drinking vessel. [95], These best before dates are shortened when stored at high temperatures or in bright places, especially under sunlight or fluorescent lights that emit ultraviolet rays. Also worth mentioning is that in Japan, sake (the drink) actually refers to any alcoholic drink, not just the rice wine that we know it as. Comments such as the following are prohibited and will be subject to deletion at the discretion of editors. While some brewers do dilute the alcohol before they bottle it, it is best to read the details offered on the bottle label. Sake is a well-loved Japanese alcohol that has gained popularity in many parts of the world. Sake as we know it in English, in fact, is actually referred to as nihonshu () in Japanese, using the kanji for Japan and the kanji for sake. Sometimes when speaking with a Japanese person in English, they might ask you, Do you like Japanese Sake? While that might just come across as a charming redundancy from a non-native speaker, what they are really doing is translating nihonshu literally. Ginjo - Premium sake with rice polished 50% to 60%. - Content that is biased toward a specific ideology, such as certain political or religious views. Subscribe to learn and pronounce a new word each day! The drink is quite potent and should be enjoyed at leisure. this is talking for talking's sake es hablar por hablar. P.S. However, in British English, it is pronounced as sah-kee. The rice is washed and soaked in water and then cooked. [53] This mixture becomes known as the moromi (the main mash during sake fermentation). Some other terms commonly used in connection with sake: The label on a bottle of sake gives a rough indication of its taste. 60% or less, or produced by special brewing method, Regulations do not stipulate a rice polishing ratio, Kobayashi T, Abe K, Asai K, Gomi K, Uvvadi PR, Kato M, Kitamoto K, Takeuchi M, Machida M. (2007). Containing no artificial additives, enhancers or sulfites, Gekkeikan sake is completely natural. When the population of Edo, modern-day Tokyo, began to grow rapidly in the early 1600s, brewers who made sake in inland areas such as Fushimi, Itami, and Ikeda moved to the Nada-Gog area on the coast, where the weather and water quality were perfect for brewing sake and convenient for shipping it to Edo. V is a weak B in Japanese, according to some people. Log in or They are made with crust-less bread. Sushi with salmon is high in omega 3 fatty acids and protein, making it a viable option for sushi lovers. [41] Sud Honke was also the first sake brewery to sell both namazake and hiyaoroshi. ", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 02:52. You can use a strawberry and mint as a garnish. In some regions, the first sips of toso are taken in order of age, from the youngest to the eldest. [49], Kji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae) spores are another important component of sake. You tryna be tricky? In Japanese, despite the fact that the exact spelling is present, the intonation varies from word to word. The new year's sake is called shinshu ('new sake'), and when initially released in late winter or early spring, many brewers have a celebration known as kurabiraki (warehouse opening). Panko is essentially a Japanese-style bread crumb that has been used for many years to make fried foods like tempura and tonkatsu. In fact, "sake" is pronounced "sah-keh", with the emphasis on the second syllable. Its therefore forgivable when an English speaker talks about trimming their ornamental banzai (bonsai) tree, for instance, or when a Japanese speaker says they want to visit Bibaree Hearuzu (Beverly Hills). The English pronunciations of common Japanese loan words like karate, karaoke and kamikaze have become so hopelessly butchered as to be practically unintelligible to native speakers. Despite this name, it is produced in a manner that is more similar to the process for making beer than to wine production.. However, beware, a sake's delicate flavour can be easily shrouded. The alcohol content differs between sake, wine, and beer; while most beer contains 39% ABV, wine generally contains 916% ABV,[6] and undiluted sake contains 1820% ABV (although this is often lowered to about 15% by diluting with water before bottling). It is also known that the antioxidants contained in wood have a positive effect on sake. Sake is a popular alcoholic drink in Japan that is made from fermenting rice. If you enjoy your glass of bubbly, perhaps you may like to try a cup of sparking sake. You might be wondering why there are two different ways to pronounce the same word. It makes no difference what amount of calories you consume. sake See Also in English art for art's sake for its own sake for the sake of preposition for your sake Junmai. Minor morphing of vowel sounds is par for the course in spoken English, so the difference between saki and sake might seem minimal at first blush; but in Japanese, the entire language hinges on five basic vowel sounds so changing them can alter the meaning of a word completely. {{app.userTrophy[app.userTrophyNo].hints}}. Aside from being served straight, sake can be used as a mixer for cocktails, such as tamagozake, saketinis, or nogasake. Under Japanese liquor laws, sake is labelled with the word \"seishu\" (, \"clear liquor\"), a synonym less commonly used colloquially.\" - from Wikipedia Japanese .For more pronunciation of Japanese words, please check: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4JALsptyAzrbc1xVMxjj2QA1jgYAwrDVOr how Foreign Words are pronunced in Japan, please check:http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4JALsptyAzrqkXyiz34ldUlYEYKQwkRWFor more playlist, please check below:https://www.youtube.com/user/JapaneseEng101/playlists Today we focus on another "Sake Spotlight" - this time we travel to the smallest of Japan's main islands - Shikoku - as we visit Kochi prefecture. Fill a cocktail glass with ice, add the Nigori sake, lime juice, and coconut water and shake vigorously, then strain in a glass with crushed ice. As the proportion of amino acids rises, the sake tastes more savory. 60% or less, and produced by slowly fermenting rice at low temperatures of 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. [51], As kji-kin is a microorganism used to manufacture food, its safety profile concerning humans and the environment in sake brewing and other food-making processes must be considered. [20], The Nada-Gog area in Hygo Prefecture, the largest producer of modern sake, was formed during this period. Congrats! In cheap bars, sake is often served at room temperature in glass tumblers and called koppu-zake (). Kji-kin is an enzyme-secreting fungus. Pronounce Sake the Right Way Don't make a fool of yourself when you go to order sake. There is no one definitive answer to this question as there are a few different ways that people can spell sake. Shochu is typically stronger (on average, 25-30% alcohol) than sake (15-18% alcohol). Fermented rice is used to make this. oryzae. Sake is very important in Japanese cuisine. .\"Sake or sak is an alcoholic beverage of Japanese origin that is made from fermented rice. Many restaurants and bars serving alcohol serve sake, especially izakayas and other establishments that serve alcohol. This video shows you How to Pronounce Sake, pronunciation guide. [7], The origin of sake is unclear; however, the method of fermenting rice into alcohol spread to Japan from China around 500BCE. However, ginj-shu (), which is popular in the world today, was created by the development of various sake production techniques from the 1930s to around 1975. Word of the day - in your inbox every day, 2023 HowToPronounce. What is the Proper Pronunciation? Bill Maher on Tuesday finally shared his own definition of a word that's seemingly become a right-wing catch-all for "anything I don't like": woke. How to say Sake the drink in Italian? In 1667, the technique of kanzukuri () for making sake in winter was improved, and in 1673, when the Tokugawa shogunate banned brewing other than kanzukuri because of a shortage of rice, the technique of sake brewing in the four seasons ceased, and it became common to make sake only in winter until industrial technology began to develop in the 20th century. This destroyed the market for aged koshu, which had been popular until then, and it was only in 1955 that sake breweries began to make koshu again. Sake served to gods as offerings before drinking are called o-miki () or miki (). Sake made with highly milled rice has a strong aroma and a light taste without miscellaneous taste. This is because sake brewing was the work of housewives at home and miko at Shinto shrines. It would be best never to place your right hand on the bottom, as this signifies disrespect. See more. [42], In terms of excavated archaeological evidence, the oldest known sake brewery is from the 15th century near an area that was owned by Tenry-ji, in Uky-ku, Kyoto. When you drink sake, you can also get drunk like any other alcoholic beverage. [52] In these cases the animals infected with A. oryzae were already weakened due to predisposing conditions such as recent injury, illness or stress, hence were susceptible to infections in general. [50] In the US, the FDA classifies A.oryzae as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) organism. Breeding was actively carried out in various parts of Japan to produce sake rice optimized for sake brewing. [51] Under warm and moist conditions, the kji-kin spores germinate and release amylases (enzymes that convert the rice starches into maltose and glucose). Udon is a thick, wheat flour noodle that has a soft texture, and is usually served in a hot broth with various vegetables and meat. This sake brewing method involves heavy mixing of the mash with the. The liquor tax for the sake produced in a given year had to be paid to the government during that fiscal year, so the breweries tried to make money by selling the sake as soon as possible. You may choose to drink it with sushi and other Japanese food or also with Western food. Just like the sensation that it brings, the proper pronunciation requires a more "opened . While there is no one correct way to say it, the important thing is to be consistent with whichever pronunciation you choose. Traditionally, the various types of sake are differentiated based on the amount of milled rice that is use. During the summer and fall, most tji work elsewhere, commonly on farms, only periodically returning to the brewery to supervise storage conditions or bottling operations. Then, we also have cases where the kanji is pronounced saka like in the word sakaya (), meaning liquor store. The pronunciation of sake as saki is a common misconception, likely due to the similarity of the words. [22] In the early Edo period, there was a sake brewing technique called shiki jz () that was optimized for each season.