E.L. coordinated administrative tasks. In this analysis, we estimated the odds ratio (OR) of vaccination of mothers of infants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 versus infants who tested negative using logistic regression models conditioned (stratified) on the calendar date of the test so that infants testing positive on a certain day were compared to infants testing negative on that same day. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The study had limitations worth noting. Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. Polack, F. P. et al. Google Scholar. Buchan, S. A. et al. Surveillance officers abstracted data on sampled patients from medical charts. According to the CDC, hospitalization rates among the unvaccinated were 16 times higher in December overall. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Just 28% of children in the age group - around 8 million . All authors reviewed the manuscript. As of December 25, the rate among unvaccinated people was 78 per 100,000, compared to 4 per 100,000 among fully vaccinated people, the CDC reported. KPNC members are similar to the broad catchment population in Northern California in terms of sociodemographic characteristics34. Real-world data suggest lower COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variants11,12,13,14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. During the proxy omicron period, we found a vaccine effectiveness of 70% (95% confidence interval . JAMA Netw. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. J. Med. Sarah J. The difference between the two studies might be due to population characteristics and the timing of follow-up as ours went through May 31, 2022, while the Norwegian study ended in April 2022. On 13 December, Denmark released data showing that hospitalization rates for people infected with Omicron seemed to be on a par with those for people infected with other variants. Article J. Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. For infants, we included age, as a categorical time-changing variable in 30-day increments. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. Article Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained. Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Urban Health 83, 10411062 (2006). In addition, our study period included two different SARV-CoV-2 variants, which allowed estimation of the effectiveness of vaccination during pregnancy in infants during both the Delta and Omicron variant periods. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. T.R. What are the implications for public health practice? ***** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI=2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before a positive for SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. Klein, N. P. et al. The rates don't account for non-vaccine-related risks, Mark Jit, professor of vaccine epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told Insider in an email. During the Delta period, receipt of one dose during the third trimester reduced infants risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 by 74% (95% CI: 19, 92) during the first 6 months of life (Table3). Vaccinated patients were older (68 vs. 57 years), and 62% had at least one comorbidity Admission to the ICU was 20%, and the mortality rate at 30 days was 14%. We excluded these infants because we were primarily interested in estimating the effectiveness of mRNA vaccines received during pregnancy; (7) mothers who received adenovirus vector vaccines or any non-mRNA platform vaccines during pregnancy; (8) mothers who did not receive their mRNA vaccinations in accordance with CDC recommendationse.g., the timing between dose 1 and dose 2 was not within the recommended intervals; and (9) infants who did not become KPNC members within two calendar months of their birth. On March 18, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. . Individual and neighborhood factors associated with failure to vaccinate against influenza during pregnancy. 552a; 44 U.S.C. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb. Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were persons who had received the second dose of a 2-dose COVID-19 vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster or additional dose. COVID-19 incidence and death rates among unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults with and without booster doses during periods of Delta and Omicron variant emergence25 U.S. Jurisdictions, April 4December 25, 2021. Over the entire study period, the crude rate of hospitalization with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy compared with infants whose mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy (21/100,000 PY vs. 100/100,000 PY). Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. Am. Persons who received no doses of any COVID-19 vaccine were considered unvaccinated. Nursing home residents have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19; older age, comorbidities, and the congregate nature of nursing homes place residents at higher risk for infection and severe COVID-19-associated outcomes . The remaining authors declare no competing interests. N. Engl. Another explanation is the presence of a high COVID-19 vaccination rate among studied individuals (more than two-thirds), which is supported by the finding that the majority of patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 prior to undergoing vaccination. J. Med. 1CDC COVID-19 Emergency Response Team; 2General Dynamics Information Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; 3California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; 4Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, CDC; 5Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; 6Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; 7Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; 8Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health; 9Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; 10Iowa Department of Public Health; 11Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; 12Minnesota Department of Health; 13New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 14New York State Department of Health; 15University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; 16Ohio Department of Health; 17Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; 18Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; 19Utah Department of Health. Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Because the immune status of all patients is not known, an additional dose (recommended for persons with a weakened immune system) cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. Pediatr. We take your privacy seriously. Third, because immunocompromise status is not always known, it is not possible to distinguish between booster and additional doses; this could have influenced observed rates. The Spanish Health Ministry also publishes hospitalization data throughout Spain broken down by vaccination status, although in this case it is based on estimates: to calculate the number of unvaccinated in each age group, they subtract the number of vaccinated from the population in 2020.However, the target population will have grown since then, so it is possible that the ministry's . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Accessed March 10, 2022. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. Data from the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) were analyzed to compare COVID-19associated hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 years during B.1.617.2 (Delta; July 1December 18, 2021) and Omicron (December 19, 2021January 31, 2022) variant predominance, overall and by race/ethnicity and vaccination status. and/or the original MMWR paper copy for printable versions of official text, figures, and tables. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Internet Explorer). Sadoff, J. et al. Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. 387, 187189 (2022). Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . Halasa, N. B. et al. The researchers used the QCovid risk model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical risk factors. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. Aircraft wastewater surveillance could be used with traveler-based surveillance to provide an early warning system for COVID-19 and other pathogens. In King County, Wash., which includes Seattle, unvaccinated people were 13 times more likely to be hospitalized for coronavirus since December than people who were fully vaccinated. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. All analyses were conducted using SAS software, v9.4. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Models in this analysis were adjusted for the same covariates included in the primary analysis. PubMed Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. Dis. Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. Correspondence to Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). ** Total hospitalizations include data from selected counties in 14 COVID-NET states irrespective of vaccination status and includes adults with partial or unknown vaccination status. part 46, 21 C.F.R. The research was published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine. The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. It is not inevitable that viral evolution leads to lower severity. Symptoms are abstracted from the medical chart and might not be complete. To account for the correlation between infants with the same mother, we fit marginal Cox proportional hazards models using robust sandwich variance estimates. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. This is consistent with data showing the incidence of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results or death from COVID-19 is higher among unvaccinated adults and adults who have not received a booster than among those who have received a booster or additional dose (5). Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine. J. Epidemiol. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. Like influenza and Tdap vaccines15,16, data suggest that vaccination during pregnancy may protect infants who are not old enough to be vaccinated against COVID-19. 386, 15321546 (2022). Percentages presented were weighted to account for the probability of selection for sampled cases (3). Pediatr. However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. "The high hospitalization rates in unvaccinated compared with vaccinated persons with and without a booster dose underscores the importance of COVID-19 vaccinations in preventing hospitalizations and suggests that increasing vaccination coverage, including booster dose coverage, can prevent hospitalizations, serious illness, and death," the researchers wrote.
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