Listed is also some of the guns captured from other countries and used by the German armed forces. 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. Observers may not be practical in many situations, the ground may be uneven, and the practice is slow in any event. [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. Definitions of flak . Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone) meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the weapon. 4,000 guns were made, but they only really had value as propaganda. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. (LogOut/ They made the Allied heavy artillery far more devastating, as all the shells now exploded just before hitting the ground. The weapon was deployed on German tanks, as an antitank gun, an assault gun, and for antiaircraft purposes.Mar 8, 2016. However, as the bullet had to be made by hand rather than mass-produced, Major C. Aubrey Dixon of the British Royal Arsenal at Woolwich developed a greatly improved bullet with similar incendiary capabilities. When the Allies began to use the term is not known. Nevertheless, it did a good job of stopping shell blasts, rocket fragments, and slow speed bullets fired at a moderate range. In May 1940 a formal proposal from Butement, Edward S. Shire, and Amherst F.H. Some sectioned shells from the First World War. In response to OPs question, the answer involves the invention of Radar. A cartridge for a shotgun is called a shell. Also in 1944, fuzes were allocated to the British Army's Anti-Aircraft Command, that was engaged in defending Britain against the V-1 flying bomb. Tracer bullets contain a substance that burns and gives off light, aiding the gunner in aiming. For sale: 88mm - $100,000 - $150,000. Consequently, a low frequency signal, corresponding to the frequency difference between the oscillator and the received signal, developed at the oscillator's plate terminal. Thanks for reading my nosense about the flak cannon. Who does the voice of Vanessa on Phineas and Ferb? Both are surrounded by an oval oak leaf wreath. Copyrights 2023 All Rights Reserved by Scientific Know-How Inc. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. These early forms were also known as "smoke tracers" because of this. Ammunition is used by Weapons, Vehicles, and player manned defenses. "[27] The critical work of adapting the fuze for anti-aircraft shells was done in the United States, not in England. How effective was it in WW2? This allowed for aiming at night and in bad weather.. ", Oruzhiye Podvodnogo Udara (Underwater Weapons), "The Development of the Radio Proximity Fuze", Naval Historical Centre Radio Proximity (VT) Fuzes, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proximity_fuze&oldid=1141413451, It was important in defense from Japanese, It was an important part of the radar-controlled anti-aircraft batteries that finally neutralized the German, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 23:27. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Not surprised there is a lot of misinformation about the flak, is there is about how the bombing raids and their escorts worked. Optical sensing was developed in 1935, and patented in the United Kingdom in 1936, by a Swedish inventor, probably Edward W. Brandt, using a petoscope. Casing type: 88x571R. Work on the radio shell fuze was completed by Tuve's group, known as Section T, at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL). The flak also blew up the trees, which created additional deadly shrapnel. All of the units in Warpath are the real units from World War II, from infantry units to rocket artillery. At the start of The Blitz, it was estimated that it took 20,000 rounds to shoot down a single aircraft, [6] other estimates put the figure as high as 100,000[7] or as low as 2,500. 14 December, 2014. The B Mark VI incendiary bullets were first issued in June 1940 and tested operationally in the Hawker Hurricane and Supermarine Spitfire in the air battles over Dunkirk. Like infantry it's worth noting that air burst rounds work on the same basic principle as flak and are used by mortars, artillary, etc. The largest artillery pieces employed by the Army against Axis forces was the M1 240mm howitzer, which could fire 360-pound shell out to a range of 23,000 meters (14.3 miles). [47] Similarly for example the word tank for an armored fighting vehicle was used to pretend plausibly that a carrier of water for troops on the battlefield was being developed. Wooden precise replica of the German 88mm anti-aircraft FlaK guns and Tiger-I ammunition - 8.8cm Sprgr.Patr. Well, it's been 5 years and the devs STILL haven't been able to match/list what ammunition fits which weapons in the constructor or on the description, so once again we need to rely on each other to do what they can . Life on Royal Navy aircraft carrier(1960), Hush-Kit Joe talking 10 favouriteaircraft, The case for the P-47 Thunderbolt being the greatest fighter of the Second WorldWar, The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt MafiaFamily, 10 things you need to know about the P-47Thunderbolt. Though the days of peasant armies wielding them may be over, these archaic weapons are still legal in parts of the U.S., although not in the states of New York, New Jersey, California, Massachusetts or Pennsylvania. An example of flak is the exploding ammunition that can damage a military plane when flying over enemy territory. The gun is the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make the gun effective. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. [57], The Pentagon refused to allow the Allied field artillery use of the fuzes in 1944, although the United States Navy fired proximity-fuzed anti-aircraft shells during the July 1943 invasion of Sicily. Flak in the Second World War was very effective. And any flak that comes his way for winding up any opponents doesn't bother him, nor secretly please him, too much. The 88 mm gun (eighty-eight) was a German anti-aircraft and anti-tank artillery gun from World War II. [46] Captain S. R. Shumaker, Director of the Bureau of Ordnance's Research and Development Division, coined the term to be descriptive without hinting at the technology. The Columbia survived, but 13 crew members were killed. Design of the type began as early as 1936 under the charge of the Rheinmetall-Borsig concern and then known as the "Gerat 40", intended as an in-the-field gun system for the German Army. The guns have a fire rate of 250 shots per minute each, which gives a shot per second value of about 4 per gun. Press J to jump to the feed. For a side-by-side comparison of all weapons, see the Weapons page! The most developmentally advanced of the German acoustic fuze designs was the Rheinmetall-Borsig Kranich (German for Crane) which was a mechanical device utilizing a diaphragm tone filter sensitive to frequencies between 140 and 500Hz connected to a resonating vibratory reed switch used to fire an electrical igniter. It's hard to hit a fast moving target with a bullet, which is why they use shotguns with shot ammo with a lot of small pellets inside to hunt birds, to basically have the bird fly through a rain of pellets, ensuring that at least one hits it. After that a fresh shot could be positioned in a more favorable position by possibly a telescopic actuator using the gas compressed previously. A common form used in modern air-to-air weapons uses a laser as an optical source and time-of-flight for ranging. Personal thoughts on it:Probably the cannon works with some sort of a pneumatic contraption. Stewart pledged his support for Ukraine while visiting a hospital in Essex, England, adding more fighter . One of them was an anti-aircraft shell that had spring-loaded wings that would pop out and slice through enemy aircraft. Nickel construction with gold gilt high lights. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Low and medium level flak was even more effective. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. Used for example when the enemy is situated out of the line-of-sight in a trench or behind a mound. Anointed items can only spawn as world drops for a character that has completed the main story. Although not intended to start fires, tracer bullets can have a mild incendiary effect. How many shells are fired to down an aircraft? Each ammo type may or may not stack in player's inventory depending on their uniform, and in vehicle or structure's inventory depending on their type. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Some of these guns saw limited use. As early as September 1939, John Cockcroft began a development effort at Pye Ltd. to develop tubes capable of withstanding these much greater forces. If my health was such that I was still in to historical board and miniatures games I betcha this would, umm, lets say, engender energetic conversation, in that realm. But what about people. By 1942 the standard loading for fixed .303s was half loaded with AP and half with incendiary bullets. e Weapons. A timer fuze can be set to explode a few meters above the ground but the timing is vital and usually requires observers to provide information for adjusting the timing. The Schmetterling, Enzian, Rheintochter and X4 guided missiles were all designed for use with the Kranich acoustic proximity fuze. As the missile cruises towards its target the laser energy simply beams out into space. . Each unit has its own specified abilities and stats. The tweet exchange occurred on November 28 - December 4, 2014 and is below. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Why do I stay the same weight no matter what I do? [54], Vannevar Bush, head of the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) during the war, credited the proximity fuze with three significant effects. These are enough to make up for its cons. Items that can be anointed include weapons, shields, and grenade mods. Time to blow. I once interviewed a WWII flak veteran, who talked about how they used their cannons against enemy infantry and soon, that became a more common use of their cannons than actually firing at airplanes. You measure the distance to the target, set the shell for that distance (or a few meters behind), and aim above the target. [25] Pye's research was transferred to the United States as part of the technology package delivered by the Tizard Mission when the United States entered the war. As Flak existed in the twentieth century, no, however, a modern equivalent of the radar guided air defense gun is deployed widely by all major militaries. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? Once again enduring the strange looks at the range - "Why on earth do those idiots keep shooting cowboy boots at . 4 How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? [58] After General Dwight D. Eisenhower demanded he be allowed to use the fuzes, 200,000 shells with VT fuzes (code named "POZIT"[59]) were used in the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944. This design was used in both the British No44 Pistol and the German Rheinmetall-Borsig BAZ 55A fuzes. All of these earlier methods have disadvantages. Indeed, even before the kamikaze appeared the US Navy made major improvement to their ships AA defenses with better radar direction, improved AA directors and gunsights and most importantly, more guns. The War Office proved uninterested in the concept and told the two to work on other issues. High explosive with a pressed in pyrotechnic tracer self destruct cap, hexogen filled, impact only fuze. Spreader: Used against swarms in order to spread out the shots and damage as many as possible. They provide a more sophisticated trigger mechanism than the common contact fuze or timed fuze. If you show up late for work for a third day, you'll probably take some flak from your coworkers they'll take verbal shots at you. As these projects moved from development into prototype form in the late 1930s, Butement turned his attention to other concepts, and among these was the idea of a proximity fuse: Into this stepped W. A. S. Butement, designer of radar sets CD/CHL and GL, with a proposal on 30 October 1939 for two kinds of radio fuze: (1) a radar set would track the projectile, and the operator would transmit a signal to a radio receiver in the fuze when the range, the difficult quantity for the gunners to determine, was the same as that of the target and (2) a fuze would emit high-frequency radio waves that would interact with the target and produce, as a consequence of the high relative speed of target and projectile, a Doppler-frequency signal sensed in the oscillator.[24]. US $63.98 Scale 1/35 Resin parts - 130 pcs WWII Item 3518 German 88mm FLAK 36 ammo & ammo box Resin Kit. It was so important that it was a secret guarded to a similar level as the atom bomb project or D-Day invasion. Measures 1 5/8 inches wide by 2 1/8 inches tall. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. As the saying goes, the more flak that's incoming, the more certain you can be that you are over the target. It was the invention of the VT radar proximity fuse. Veteran rocker Rod Stewart has no doubt what outcome of the Ukraine-Russia war would most benefit humanity, telling an interviewer he's backing Ukraine because, "If the Ukrainians lose it's the end of civilization as we know it.". Step 1: Loading. As the shell approaches a reflecting object, an interference pattern is created. Feb 19, 2014 Jack Beckett, Guest Author. Incendiary projectiles, in particular those intended for armor penetration, are more effective if they explode after penetrating a surface layer, such that they explode inside the target. What are Lock Patterns for Android phones? [64] [65], During WW2, the Germans had at least five acoustic fuzes for anti-aircraft use under development, though none saw operational service. [44] One tube was an oscillator connected to an antenna; it functioned as both a transmitter and an autodyne detector (receiver). Firing Coilguns draws power from connected Supercapacitors, as well as ammunition . The placement of the slug magazine on the weapon doesn't make any sense even there unfortunatly. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. The huge flak towers Hitler had built got to actual military use finally. Due to the increase of people asking what kind of shell they should use with their gun that has X and Y stats, here is a guide to help you pick. It is used in mines and torpedoes. ARTICLES. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. Doppler Radar was able to detect how close objects are to the radio wave source. As the missile passes its target some of the energy strikes the target and is reflected to the missile, where detectors sense it and detonate the warhead. Similarly, incendiary ammunition was used against non-rigid observation balloons. By 1944, a large proportion of the American electronics industry concentrated on making the fuzes. Welcome to the WWII Forums! They lacked the guns, effective radar, and the cooperation between the Army and Navy was terrible. At the beginning of the war, the first British gun-laying Mark I (GL I) radars entered service with several AA batteries. [64] [65], 120mm HE mortar shell fitted with proximity fuze, 120mm HE mortar shell fitted with M734 proximity fuze, 60mm HE mortar shell fitted with proximity fuze. [ 12 August 2002, 09:22 AM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 12 August 2002, 04:29 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 13 August 2002, 12:48 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], (You must log in or sign up to reply here. [6] These bombers required repair, causing service rates to fall and thus reducing the number of bombers available for new operations. The tank chosen was Germany's own Leopard Main Battle Tank (MBT). (Yikes! [20], The first reference to the concept of radar in the UK was made by W. A. S. Butement and P. E. Pollard, who constructed a small breadboard model of a pulsed radar in 1931. Therefore, their speed is much lower and this makes them less dangerous to those on the ground. Is paralegal higher than legal assistant? To craft you need a weapons box and some materials (Iron, wood, and gunpowder mostly). Notice: Function is_feed was called incorrectly.Conditional query tags do not work before the query is run. [64] [66], During WW2, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) investigated the use of acoustic proximity fuzes for anti-aircraft weapons but concluded that there were more promising technological approaches. . Aircraft shot down or damaged was a bonus. Entering service in 1965, the Leopard 1 is one of the most famous tanks of the Cold War and Modern Era. https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-A-A-missiles-be-used-against-ground-targets-and-A-G-missiles-against-air-targets. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The 128mm FlaK 40 was one of the largest anti-aircraft weapon systems employed by the Germans in World War 2. A proximity fuze (or fuse[1][2][3]) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when the distance to the target becomes smaller than a predetermined value. 50 Rounds of 115gr FMJ 9mm Ammo by Winchester. They were not nearly as effective at puncturing bomber aircraft as armor-piercing bullets, but were far more effective than standard bullets because they could also ignite fuel if they came into contact with a fuel tank or pipeline. While "flak" refers to anti-aircraft fire, the concept of proximity fusing and shrapnel isn't restricted to aircraft. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. Additionally, targets with onboard electronics or computers can be damaged by metal fragments when they explode on the surface. [50] Once inspections of the finished product were complete, a sample of the fuzes produced from each lot was shipped to the National Bureau of Standards, where they were subjected to a series of rigorous tests at the specially built Control Testing Laboratory. Built around a miniature radio transmitter and receiver, the VT fuse overcame the major disadvantage of the time and contact fuses and was capable of detecting its target and detonating within 75 feet. German flak defenses were responsible for more than half of all Allied aircraft losses. The Germans and the Allies, to a certain extent, used the number of enemy aircraft shot down by fighters and those by flak as a measurement as to its effectiveness. The different roles that artillery ammunition has had to fill on the battlefield has led to many different designs and types of ammunition, some of which are discussed here And while artillery has been used by armies for hundreds of years, this article focuses on "modern" ammunition (post-1870). A great little gun that packs 10+1 rounds of 9mm and features a 3.4" barrel - perfect for our carry gun test. Flak ammunition is a shell filled with high explosive that is designed to explode at a certain time or position during its flight. When the cell current changed a certain amount in a certain time interval, the detonation was triggered. When the flak batteries pinpointed an aircraft the guns were fired in salvos designed to burst in a sphere of 60 yards in diameter in which it was hoped to entrap the target. For alternate autocannon ammunition, see the Special Munitions category. It also left a characteristic black cloud hanging in the sky. The belt had 10 pockets. against light targets such as infantry and non-armored vehicles. A contact fuze would explode when it hit the ground; it would not be very effective at scattering shrapnel. [17], The fuze was later found to be able to detonate artillery shells in air bursts, greatly increasing their anti-personnel effects.[18]. Shorter barrel, a little less velocity, and a good bit more stress on hollow point performance through barriers. [7], One fighter pilot who was shot down by incendiary ammunition while flying in the Battle of Britain describes his experience:[8].mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, "I could smell powder smoke, hot and strong, but it didn't make me feel tough this time. When the distance between the fuze and the target changed rapidly, then the phase relationship also changed rapidly. So the changing phase relationship between the oscillator signal and the reflected signal complicated the measurement of the amplitude of that small reflected signal. [10], In September 1940, the Tizard Mission travelled to the US to introduce their researchers to a number of UK developments, and the topic of proximity fuses was raised. L/4.5 (Kz.) Another, is a barometric fuse, a fuse that's triggered when a certian altitude is reach by measuring air pressure. It was a game changer and fortunately for the US Navy they had it when the kamikaze appeared. Exiting that black smoke is the invisible shrapnel that will hit the aircraft. @JeremyECrawford already have a question. Pressure sensors are usually used in combination with other fuze detonation technologies such as acoustic and magnetic induction. In Germany, more than 30 (perhaps as many as 50)[19] different proximity fuze designs were developed, or researched, for anti-aircraft use, but none saw service.
how does flak ammunition work
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