ABTA has developed additional guidance for Members on refund protection, including the use of Refund Credit Notes. Clause 3B of the Code of Conduct states that Members shall If they are Principals who cancel previously confirmed Travel Arrangements, inform Agents and direct Clients without delay and offer Clients the choice of: i) alternative Travel Arrangements if available; or ii) a full refund of all monies paid. As a 10-year cancer survivor and fighter, Brandon is passionate in helping others stay motivated through their battle and ensure they have the resources they need to manage their care. The right to have included on each cruise line's website a toll-free phone line that can be used for questions or information concerning any aspect of shipboard operations. Abta apologised this week and claimed it has "tried to minimise delays and provide assistance to customers, all of whom will receive 100% refunds". W8631/J8601) of Westpoint, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough, PE2 6FZ was found in breach of Clause 5G in respect of 3 cases for failing to pay arbitration awards within the allotted time and were issued a Reprimand. Omega Travel Ltd (ABTA No. We help our Members and their customers navigate through today's changing travel landscape by raising standards in the industry; offering schemes of financial protection; providing an independent complaints resolution service should something go wrong; giving guidance on issues from sustainability to health and safety and by presenting a united voice to government to ensure the industry and the public get a fair deal. Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved ABTA. When we do find a breach of the Code there is a range of outcomes or penalties. james peak yurt; vicki gunvalson and brooks; Two additional fines of 1,500 were given for breaches of Clause 1D and Clause 3A. Kelly holds a B.A. Thank you to those that have supported the campaign and if you have yet to visit the website please do. Carla is the Chief Legal Officer and Managing Director of Franklin Monroe Administrative Services, LLC, a financial services company headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. She also managed AACRs Scholar-in-Training Awards, the Associate Member Council and the Molecular Epidemiology Working Group. She later got more involved with the ABTA by raising money in 2013 with Team Breakthrough for the Chicago Marathon, in memory of her father. Ice Europe Ltd (ABTA No. Patti is using her retirement as an opportunity to pursue projects that have value to her. Please note: Our website no longer fully supports IE11, as such you may encounter issues using our website, please try an alternative browser such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge (Windows) or Safari (Mac). Additionally, Jim was President of JenningsKelly Executive Search. The appeal was dismissed. Balkan Holidays Ltd (ABTA No.V089X) of Sofia House, 19 Conduit Street, London W1S 2BH was issued a reprimand in respect of Clause 3A for cancelling the clients booking after balance due date. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. W4939 / J3326 of Omega Mansion, Boundary Place, 2 Milburn Avenue, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire) had three cases heard by the Committee. For more details about what we do, what being an ABTA Member means and how we help the British public travel with confidence visit www.abta.com. Following the withdrawal of Technical Release Audit 02/02 in October 2019, ICAEW's Audit and Assurance Faculty continues to caution accountants to carefully consider undertaking work on or signing Association of British Travel Agents Limited (ABTA) bond release reports (report series Audit001), since it is unlikely that work of sufficient depth and breadth to support a signed report will be . N1225 of Triq Ic-Caghaq, San Pawl Il-Bahar, SPB 3051) were found to be in breach of clause 5B for failing to respond to a customers complaint and were fined 600. Clause 2I of the Code of Conduct states that Members shall ensure that all prospective Clients are alerted to any building works which may reasonably be considered to seriously impair the enjoyment of Travel Arrangements and provide them with accurate information about the extent of the building works. The Member appealed the decision. abta refund timescaleschris cornell vocal range the range place. At the Code of Conduct meeting of 9 May 2017, Omega Travel Ltd (ABTA No. Brandon Starkoff serves as Secretary of the ABTA Board of Directors. The member also provided an undertaking that new and existing staff receive regular training. Kelly SitkinABTA, Chief Development Officer. First quarter. UEC are defined in the PTR as a situation that is beyond the control of the traveller and where the consequences of whichcould not have been avoided even if all reasonable measures had been taken. They were fined 750 for the breach of Clause 2B and 1,000 for the breach of Clause 3E. There was one appeal from a Member following this meeting; therefore the outcome of that case isnt published here, pending the decision of the Appeal Board. A fine of 1,500 was imposed. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. The Freedom Travel Group Ltd (ABTA Member G8381/ W6417 of 1 Tabley Court, Stamford Street, Altrincham) was fined 1,000 for a breach of clause 2B in that booking and documentation procedures were inadequate throughout a booking, and 500 for a breach of clause 5C as the Member hadnt responded in a timely manner to ABTA. Travelbugz Ltd (ABTA Member P6628 of Seedbed Centre, Davidson Way, Romford also trading as travelsoon.com) was fined 1,000 for a breach of clause 2A (Members shall make every effort to ensure that the Travel Arrangements sold to their Clients are compatible with their Clients individual requirements) because a booking was made for the wrong hotel. Phillip Samuels, Sr. Director of Finance and Accounting, joined the ABTA in 2011. The Committee imposed a total fine of 1,900. Therefore they were found to be in breach of Clause 1A and received a fine of 750. Y1932/L6366) of 79 College Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 1BD was fined 400 for a breach of Clause 5C for failing to respond to correspondence from ABTA. ABTA has existed for over 70 years and is the UK's largest travel association, representing travel agents and tour operators that sell around 32 billion of holidays and other travel arrangements each year. Danny is an active member of the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP) and the International Warehouse Logistics Association (IWLA). We begin our own investigations, and we also investigate cases which have been brought to our attention. V0476 of Wigmore House, Wigmore Place, Wigmore Lane, Luton trading as Thomson Holidays and First Choice) failed to notify the client of significant building works. She is licensed to practice law in New York, Illinois and Michigan, and is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, the Chicago Bar Association and the University of Michigan Alumni Association. The Member was also fined 400 for a breach of Clause 6A, for providing a poor standard of service to the client whilst dealing with their refund request. Y6246/P6830) of Argyle House, Joel Street, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 1NW, trading as Ahoy Cruises, was issued with a Reprimand for a breach of Clause 1A, as it failed to provide accurate information to the client who could not exercise an informed judgment in making their choice of travel arrangements. Following recent representations made to ABTA concerning package holiday customers' refund entitlement in the event of Foreign Office advice against all but essential travel to a destination, the ABTA Board has met and confirmed that customers should be offered a full refund in such circumstances. V5126) and TUI UK Retail Ltd (ABTA No. L8164) of Westpoint, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough, PE2 6FZ were fined a total of 800 for a breach of Clause 5B in respect of 2 cases. She has also been involved with Make-A-Wish Foundation as a wish granter. Following the Committees request, the Member also provided an undertaking that it will review its terms and conditions. Omega Travel Ltd (ABTA No. The Committee also requested undertakings that the Member train its staff, and review its booking conditions, to ensure compliance with the law and Code. Srisupen is a Credit Products Manager within the Financial Institutions Group at PNC Financial Services. Bob is a 30-year sales veteran of the marketing, media and advertising services universe and recently melded his passions of philanthropy, sports and event-building into his Director, Business Development role with BUMP, an industry-leading fundraising engine for non-profit and professional sports organizations and community foundations. Sign in; Press releases; News; Consultation responses; Information on how to register a dispute; ABTA Member search; Frequently asked questions; ABTA Code of Conduct; Customer sign in; Legal facts to consider before registering your dispute; Ferry complaints; Y6687) of Devonshire Business Centre, Works Road, Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire, SG6 1GJ was found in breach of Clause 3B in respect of 10 cases, for not offering clients the correct options on cancellations. In view of this explanation and the evidence provided the ABTA legal department felt that this complaint did not give rise to a breach of the Code and no further action was taken. ABTA Ltd, 30 Park Street, The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 14 June 2022. how to turn off printer hp envy 6000; francesca hilton joseph piche The ABTA Code of Conduct sets high standards that all ABTA Members must follow to help them provide customers with high quality, reliable travel experiences. Her career includes senior leadership roles as the global Chief Financial Officer for Remy, Inc., Motorola and the DuPont Company as well as the Chief Executive Officer for a microcap publicly traded Clinical Research Organization, Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. Jackie is a strategic thinker always looking to re-invent and re-energize a business strategy. Sunset Travel Ltd (ABTA No. in Marketing from Huntingdon College in Montgomery, Alabama. Since joining WinCo Foods in 2018, Jim leads the Human Resource and Corporate Communication functions with responsibility for Talent Acquisition, Learning and Development, Total Rewards, Culture, Field Human Resources and communication. Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved ABTA, Please note: Our website no longer fully supports IE11, Legal facts to consider before registering your dispute, Top benefits of booking a package holiday. Tui UK Ltd (V5126) of Wigmore House, Wigmore Place, Wigmore Lane, Luton, Bedfordshire, LU2 9TN received a fine of 500 and 600 for two breaches of Clause 5G which states that Members must pay arbitration awards within the allocated time. The Code and its Guidance are assured advice meaning that Trading Standards agree that they correctly represent the legal rights of consumers. See our Help and complaints section in the top menu for more details. Costa Crociere SPA (ABTA No. Following recent representations made to ABTA concerning package holiday customers refund entitlement in the event of Foreign Office advice against all but essential travel to a destination, the ABTA Board has met and confirmed that customers should be offered a full refund in such circumstances. Newmarket Promotions Ltd (ABTA No. He currently resides in Boise, ID, with his wife and daughter. She has a proven track record of driving topline, margin, and share growth on multi-million/billion-dollar businesses. He also served as past chair of UCSFs department of Neurological Surgery from 1997-2020. Abta's updated guidance on Refund Credit Notes spells out clearly how to deal with refunds due to coronavirus travel restrictions. Phil oversees the accounting team, manages budget and operating performance reporting, monitors compliance of operations with budgets and forecasts, evaluates internal controls and provides recommendations of improvements as needed. The American Brain Tumor Association earned a 3-star rating fromCharity Navigator, Americas premier charity evaluator. However, it's possible your tax return may require additional review and take longer. The KM Legacy Foundation was created by Katie in 2017 to raise money for brain cancer awareness and research. W1042) of 2 Disraeli Road, Putney, London, SW15 2DS was issued a Reprimand for a breach of Clause 6I for failure to provide evidence of Public & Product Liability Insurance in good time. The Member confirmed that they check third-party building works as well as works taking place at the hotels that they offer. Y1256) of Low Fare Finder House, Leeds Bradford International Airport, Leeds, LS19 7TU was fined 400 for a breach of Clause 5G for failure to pay an arbitration award on time. Notes to editors This guidance sets out standardised rules for Refund Credit Notes to ensure that travellers are protected, particularly around insolvency. We require evidence of a possible breach to be able to investigate; for example, if your complaint is about misleading advertising, you should show us the advert in question. The ATOL / ABTA are backed by the Government /CAA they are the ones that refund you. She manages a portfolio of 125+ commercial lending relationships, providing continuous credit and risk analysis. V787X / J159X of Cantium House, Railway Approach, Wallington, Surrey) was found to be in breach of Clause 5C and was fined 200 for failing to respond to ABTA correspondence. A further fine of 400 was issued for a breach of Clause 1D, for misleading advertising. Nicole Willmarth, PhDABTA, Chief Mission Officer. The Code doesnt award compensation. Southall Travel Ltd (ABTA No. The UK courts have stated that organisers are not constrained to cancel holidays so long as there is a flicker of hope that the package may be able to continue. V8302 trading as Olympic Holidays) of 1 Torrington Park, London, N12 9TB was found in breach of Clause 5G, for failure to pay an arbitration award on time. The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 9 December 2015. They were also fined 400 for a breach of 5C for failing to respond the ABTAs correspondence. She is excited about developments in brain tumor research. If I e-mail you the earth is flat, would you believe it? Travelife for Accommodation Stay Better. The Member accepted that this had not been done, and it complied with undertakings requested by the Committee to deal with all outstanding customer disputes and to bring its customer correspondence processes into compliance with the Code. ABTA stands for Association of British Travel Agents and s the largest travel association, enforcing standards and providing insurance if companies go bust. 551311 V5126) of Wigmore House, Wigmore Place, Wigmore Lane, Luton, LU2 9TN (which trades as Thomson Holidays) was found to be in breach of Clause 1A in respect of 27 cases concerning the same hotel, for failure to provide customers with accurate information regarding that hotel. The following cases were heard by the Code of Conduct Committee at its meeting held on 4 October 2016. Copyright 2023 All Rights Reserved ABTA, Kent County Council Trading Standards on ABTAs Code of Conduct work throughout the pandemic, Biennial Activity Report: 1 October 201930 September 2021, Annual Activity Report: 1 October 202030 September 2021, Please note: Our website no longer fully supports IE11, Legal facts to consider before registering your dispute, Top benefits of booking a package holiday. Danny serves as Chair of the Finance & Audit Committee and is a member of the Governance & Nominating Committee. Sunspot Tours Ltd (ABTA No. The ABTA legal department then investigated the case under the Code of Conduct and the member maintained their position that the reason for the flight delay was a force majeure situation, something outside of their control, and that as the majority of other passengers took up the option of the later flight, they did not feel a refund or compensation was due. We help our Members and their customers navigate through today's changing travel landscape by raising standards in the industry; offering schemes of financial protection; providing an independent complaints resolution service should something go wrong; giving guidance on issues from sustainability to health and safety and by presenting a united voice to government to ensure the industry and the public get a fair deal. ABTA continually provides advice and guidance to help Members adhere to the Code, we want to help them to improve and learn when necessary, but we also have disciplinary procedures in place to hold Members to account if they breach it. The sanction will be determined at the Committees next meeting, when the Committee will consider whether the Member has now refunded the client. Is my money protected when I book a trip? Ralph DeVittoABTA, President and Chief Executive Officer. Phil received a B.S. They were also asked to provide an undertaking that they will endeavour to pay future awards within the appropriate timescale. Claims. Ralph brings extensive experience in association management, including strategic planning, fundraising, volunteer mobilization and partnership building. Please note: Our website no longer fully supports IE11. In view of the seriousness of the breach and harm caused, the Committee decided to terminate the Members membership with immediate effect. If you paid using a debit card, get in touch with your bank or building society and ask for a chargeback refund. In addition to this, they received a fine of 400 for a breach of Clause 5C for failing to respond to ABTA. Travelworld (Ramsey) Ltd (ABTA No. The following cases were heard by the Code of Conduct Committee at its May 2015 meeting. A Michigan native, Mindee holds an MBA from the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan and a B.A. It also reiterates that Refund Credit Notes are not the same as vouchers, which do not come with financial protection. ABTA's annual Travel Law Seminar returns for it's 25th year! USAirtours Holidays (UK) Ltd (ABTA Member Y1468/ L5556 of Loughton Business Centre, Loughton, Essex, IG10 3SJ) was fined 1,500 for breaching clause 3B, concerning cancellations and refunds. Was the trip cancelled the day before travel but because of issues in the UK rather than issues at the placeof destination? J529X) of 485 Yeading Lane, Northolt, Middlesex, UB5 6LN had four potential breaches of the Code considered by the Committee, with three found to be proved. Flight Centre (UK) Ltd (ABTA No. The Member provided the undertaking. The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 18 July 2018. The ABTA brand stands for support, protection and expertise. . 8550 W. Bryn Mawr Ave. Ste550Chicago, IL 60631. Tour operators will have, and will continue to face, many different scenarios with their customers as the pandemic unfolds. A customer made a booking for a three days Christmas family trip to Finland. Jim received a B.A., with an emphasis in Marketing from Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL. Previously, Ralph served in numerous leadership roles during his 21 years with the American Cancer Society, including the CEO of the Florida Division and the interim Executive Vice President of the Southeast Region, where he oversaw the merger of operations in five states and Puerto Rico to create the Region. abta refund timescales. Abta, the travel trade association, says: "Many tour operators and travel agents are doing all they can to help customers but they simply don't have the cash to pay customers a cash refund in . 30 September of the current calendar year. The expiry date is based on a travel companys financial protection arrangements, which will vary by company. As the change to the flight time on a three days trip effectively amounted to a cancellation of the trip, the clients decided not to travel and asked in writing for a full refund. Register New Claim. At both schools, she served on numerous committees and as department chair. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. space bucket smell; sermon chosen for a purpose; norman gibson obituary; ri knights aau basketball; Mind TV. Flying Eagles Ltd (ABTA No. A journalist and travel writer of 35 years' standing, a once-a-week yogi, terrible skier and out-of-order mum to 2 teens. Resolution of your dispute as quickly as possible and, if it cant be resolved amicably, the guaranteed option of arbitration to find a settlement. W8631/J8601) of Westpoint, Peterborough Business Park, Lynch Wood, Peterborough, PE2 6FZ were found in breach of Clause 5B, failure to respond to customers complaints, in respect of 2 cases and were fined a total of 800. Just another site. The information also makes it clear what should be included in a Refund Credit Note, in line with ABTAs guidance to Members. 551311 In the vast majority of cases, our Members comply with the Code. The entitlement to refunds will always be determined by considering who cancelled the trip, when, and why. The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 5 November 2019. However, you should resubmit your tax return, electronically if possible, if all of these apply:. The Freedom Travel Group Ltd (ABTA No. Southall Travel Ltd (ABTA No. The Committee requested urgent undertakings from the Member that it will correctly inform clients about the applicable financial protection arrangements, and offer clients the correct options on cancellations. Y6687) of Devonshire Business Centre, Works Road, Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire, SG6 1GJ was found in breach of Clause 2C for providing the client with incorrect information in relation to the financial protection attached to their booking and Clause 3B for failing to refund a package holiday that was cancelled due to the pandemic. The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 9 June 2020. Shes learning to refinish furniture and turn wooden bowls and is training her Shetland sheepdog for obedience competition. Thomas Cook Tour Operations Ltd (ABTA No. The following article was written by Krystene Bousfield Associate of ABTA Partner Travlawfor the Spring edition of Travel Law Today, which can be downloaded here. If a customer cancels for any other reason, (unless your terms and conditions say otherwise) they are not entitled to a refund and, further, they may be required to pay reasonable termination fees in accordance with the terms of the booking contract Regulation 12(3). The ABTA is a federally recognized501(c)(3)organization dedicated to advancing our mission through careful and responsible stewardship of our donor contributions. Imperial Holidays Ltd (ABTA No. TUI UK Retail Ltd (ABTA No. He serves as Chair of the Development Committee, and as a member of the Mission Committee. Some time limits on ABTAs code of conduct have been relaxed due to the impact of Covid-19. They were also fined 1000 for a breach of Clause 2B, for failing to book flight tickets for their customer. Nimishas mother is a meningioma survivor having been first diagnosed with brain tumor in 1990. For cruise-only packages, the MSE team advise customers to turn their attention to the "ABTA" scheme. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. EMPLOYMENT '16-'19: Indiana University; EMPLOYMENT '14-'15: University of California. An audited financial statement is a financial statement that has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and has been audited by an independent certified public accountant in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Her responsibilities include the implementation and support of business-wide technology resources and establishing and managing efficient and cohesive organizational operations. Receiving three out of a possible four stars indicates that our organization adheres to good governance and other best practices that minimize the chance of unethical activities and that we consistently execute our mission in a fiscally responsible way. The IRS issues more than 9 out of 10 refunds in less than 21 days. Y1256) of Low Fare Finder House, Leeds Bradford International Airport, Leeds, LS19 7TU was fined 400 for a breach of Clause 5G for failure to pay an arbitration award on time. Ram lives in the suburbs of Chicago with his wife Nimisha and their two daughters Yuvika and Salonee. So, at what stage does an organiser become constrained or prevented from performing the contract? If so, the customers should have been warned about them. ABTA Travel Insurance . These qualities are core to us as they ensure that holidaymakers remain confident in the holiday products that they buy from our Members. She passed away in 2018 from a GBM. note Weve seen an overwhelming response to our Save Future Travel campaign. V0476 of Wigmore House, Wigmore Place, Wigmore Lane, Luton trading as Thomson Holidays and First Choice) was found to be in breach of Clause 3I and was fined 5000 for failing to inform customers of significant building work before the customer departed. The appeal was heard by the Appeal Board on 1 August 2017. Peacock Travel and Tours UK Ltd (Y5153, P4781) of 54 King Street, Twickenham, Middlesex, TW1 3SH received a fine of 500 for a breach of Clause 5C for failing to respond to ABTAs correspondence on time. W4939/J3326) of Boundary Place, 2 Milburn Avenue, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, MK6 2WA was found in breach of Clause 3C for failure to notify the customer without delay that due to a technical glitch with the airline their ticket was invalid. P6643) of 7 Plaza Parade, Maida Vale, London, NW6 5RP received a Reprimand for a breach of Clause 1A for providing the customer with incorrect advice at point of booking. The announcement follows recent changes on travel regulations . Broadway Travel Services (Wimbledon) Ltd (ABTA No. He has 29 years of experience in the warehouse and transportation industry, and served as States Logistics Chief Financial Officer for several years prior to assuming the role of CEO. Southall Travel Ltd (ABTA No. A further fine of 1,500 was imposed for not offering the client the option of a refund on a cancelled booking, in breach of Clause 3B. Emerald Global Ltd (ABTA No. If your complaint is not about a breach of the Code but is about getting compensation for a breach of contract or other problem, arbitration will be the right option for you to take and it is, in the vast majority of cases, faster and cheaper than going to the Small Claims court. unity get type from string. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. USAirtours Holidays (UK) Ltd (ABTA No. Is my money protected when I book a trip? what is parking recapture fee hotel. Refunds and compensation: when should refunds be given and when is compensation due? London, SE1 9EQ. The following cases were heard by the Committee at its meeting of 6 October 2015. TUI UK Ltd (ABTA No. Was there FCDO advice in place against travel to the place of destination at the time of departure? ABTA Ltd, 30 Park Street, Over the course of his 21 year career, Brandon has formed trusted partnerships with C-suite executives to introduce and implement several new methods of marketing technology and data infrastructure design, integrated partnerships and measurement solutions to improve speed to market, product innovation and customer experiences leading to impact for his client businesses. In both instances the member failed to follow procedures as expected resulting in the clients suffering significant and unnecessary disruption with neither receiving the holiday they had planned and had been sold. The Code was introduced by ABTA more than 60 years ago, not long after ABTA was founded, to ensure that the ABTA badge represented the highest business standards. Kelly Sitkin, Chief Development Officer, leads the strategic direction and nationwide implementation of an integrated development and volunteer network on behalf of the ABTA. Building upon the ABTAs strong reputation as the go-to resource on brain tumor science and information, Ralph leads the organizations strategy to expand brain tumor research and further develop learning resources and programs for patients, survivors and caregivers. MENU MENU. Dr. Berger is the Berthold and Belle N. Guggenheim professor and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Brain Tumor Center director. Travel Weekly has created two at-a-glance guides . abta refund timescales. It was fined 600 as it had failed to respond to a Fixed Penalty Notice of 400 in relation to the breach. Since 1973, the American Brain Tumor Association has invested donations to provide brain tumor patients and caregivers, across all ages and tumor types, with mostly free comprehensive support resources and educational programming, as well as the critical funding of research in the pursuit of breakthroughs in diagnoses, treatments and care. They were therefore found to be in breach of Clause 3I and received a fine of 2,000. They were also fined 1000 for a breach of 5C for a failing to respond to ABTAs correspondence. The Member submitted an appeal in respect of the fine imposed and the appeal was heard by the Appeal Board on 16 April. The service provider is entitled to deduct any expenses reasonably incurred to arrange the booking, before returning the remainder to the customer. Y6154) of 63 Grosvenor Street, London, W1K 3JG was found in breach of Clause 5D for failing to make every reasonable effort to reach a speedy solution with the client and was fined 800. The Committee considered breaches of Clause 5D, for failing to make every reasonable effort to reach a speedy solution with the clients and issued a fine of 1,200. She went on to publish in a number of peer reviewed scientific journals over the course of a decade in oncology research. As a result of friendships formed during a sabbatical visit to UC Berkeley in 2001, she changed her style of teaching mid-way through her career to incorporate principles from physics education research, emphasizing the conceptual underpinning of problem-solving, and incorporating metacognition to encourage students to develop awareness and understanding of their thought processes.
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