Cite this article. Proc. 916 (Springer International Publishing AG, 2018). Our results point to an overall widening of the femalemale gap in e0 of 0.6 years in Brazil (9.1% increase). . In 15 states (including the entire Southeast region), this loss was higher among males (Fig. Ellen MacArthur Foundation. endobj Nevertheless, the estimates might still suffer from incomplete and/or delayed reporting of deaths, especially those for 2021, with potential variation in completeness across states. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. Several routes for converting the polyacrylic acid into a polyacrylate were compared. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure-sensitive adhesives. Chem. Funding & tenders Reaction conditions for base-mediated and acid-catalyzed decrosslinking reactions with LCA comparison. Public Health Nutr. PubMed Central Different PSAs were targeted simply by varying the sonication times. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24488-9. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. As a result, estimated e0 in Brazil in the presence of COVID-19 reflects levels observed in 2014 (Supplementary Table 10). Third, because local health authorities have 60 d to report deaths from any cause, delayed death registration might be an issue in 2021, and, thus, for the first 4 months of 2021, we used confirmed COVID-19 deaths as reported by Brasil.io, which compiles epidemiological bulletins from the 27 state health departments. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Although durability and strength are advantages of synthetic polymers, these properties are also responsible for their environmental persistence4,5,6. M.C.C. J. Environ. In Amap, the femalemale gap is estimated to increase by 2.1 years, the highest among the states (Fig. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. We hypothesized that we could potentially eliminate the need to remove water because both the polymer backbone and our alcohol solvent are hydrophobic. life-2021-sap-nat nature-DcardPTT|202206| Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). Brazil has been heavily affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Get the latest from your favourite shows on National Geographic Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure - Nature Res. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Sonicating 2.5% and 5.0% w/v solutions of decrosslinked PAAP&G for 010min using a 20kHz sonication horn operating at full amplitude (100%) revealed rapid chain-shortening for the decrosslinked PAAP&G (Fig. George Paulus Dias - Managing Director - GP3 - LinkedIn As a consequence, there is an intrinsic, limiting molar mass for each polymer below which further chain scissions are unlikely to occur. Todd Carruthers - Asset Inventory Manager - Fujitsu | LinkedIn We used death rates from all causes (including COVID-19) to calculate single-decrement life tables in 2019 and 2020. Sci. are supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant no. Acrylic acid and derivatives. The change in the Helmholtz free energy of esterification for these two steps (A) was found to be 0.70.1kcal/mol. White House cybersecurity strategy stresses software safety Fornof, A. R. et al. They might reduce access to and coverage of primary care and increase infant mortality and avoidable deaths. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2020.12.002 (2021). VIGISAN. Error bars are derived from an average of two experiments. Here, chemical transformations are used to convert waste polymers into other value-added materials, delaying their entry into the waste stream. 239, 255261 (2019). Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. Bystryak, S., Santockyte, R. & Peshkovsky, A. S. Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. . All authors contributed to the interpretation of results and manuscript editing. Therefore, we estimated the provisional decline in life expectancy in 2021 thus far; this estimate is based on the DT19 method noted earlier but, in this case, adding confirmed 2021 COVID-19 deaths to the deaths expected among those who did not die of COVID-19, who are assumed to be subject to 2019 mortality rates for the remainder of 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. 32, 290299 (2016). performed all wet-lab experimental work under the guidance of A.J.M. Plots of storage (G) versus loss (G) moduli for poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) (a), including visualization of Changs viscoelastic window, and of the cumulative energy demand (CED) and global warming potential (GWP) for each route (b). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01437-z. 88, 5670 (2019). 34, 189200 (1991). Z., Sohail, N., Hayes, R. L. & Brooks, C. L. Overcoming challenging substituent perturbations with multisite -dynamics: A case study targeting -secretase 1. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles CAS Caruso, M. M. et al. Genomics and epidemiology of the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 lineage in Manaus, Brazil. Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-GOV Gamtos valdysenos projektai (angl. Esterification of carboxylic acids with trialkyloxonium salts. We found a 15.3% and 15.1% decrease in GWP when replacing the industrial route with either the 1min or 2min sonication scenario, respectively, and an impressive 21.5% decrease when sonication was avoided altogether. Res. ACS Macro Lett. https://blogdoibre.fgv.br/posts/auxilio-emergencial-faz-pobreza-cair-em-plena-pandemia (2020). life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 sap env gov #life-2021-sap-nat nature #life 2021 ta pp env sip #Life Call #life programme 2021 #LIFE Program #call for proposals climate change 2021 #life 2021 strat two stage a, Change (in years) in the femalemale gap in e0 and e65 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. c, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in e0 and e65 in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state. The actual death toll is likely to be higher due to deficient surveillance, limited testing that prevented proper diagnosis, issues of compliance with protocols for reporting a suspected COVID-19 death and location of the death (for example, at home)1,2. Cad. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. Andrady, A. L. Proc. More specifically, we compared four different cradle-to-product LCA scenarios: poly(2-ethylhexylacrylate) production in the conventional industrial approach and three variations of the recycling process: (i) sonicating the 2.5% w/v polymer solution for 1min, (ii) sonicating the 5.0% w/v polymer solution for 2min, and (iii) no sonication of the 5% w/v polymer solution. Chemically recyclable polymers: a circular economy approach to sustainability. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Managed the strategic partnerships with: Microsoft, Nokia, and NavTech. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.02.21252772 (2021). Castro, M. C. et al. 8). https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). In contrast, few studies have examined recycling of the sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymers. Fourth, the economic crisis that hit Brazil in 2014 has contributed to increases in mortality35, poverty and inequality36. S3). Mandeep Pandey, E.I.T. - Graduate Student - LinkedIn EUROPE FACILITY. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) 1 Land Law III (LLAW3105) Exam DECEMBER 2021 MARKING GUIDE Examiner I: II: University #: Q1 (22) + Q2 (18) + Q3 (12) + Q4 (14) + Q5 (14) - Total Marks: (out of 80) Q Suggested points/answers Marks 1(a) Land is held under Tso, Chinese customary trust for ancestral worship and is supposed to be inalienable and perpetual. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Percentage loss due to COVID-19 mortality relative to increases in female and male e0 (a) and e65 (b) between 2000 and 2020 by state. Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. Sustainable polycarbonate adhesives for dry and aqueous conditions with thermoresponsive properties, Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications, Hydroplastic polymers as eco-friendly hydrosetting plastics, Moisture outgassing from siloxane elastomers containing surface-treated-silica fillers, End-of-life upcycling of polyurethanes using a room temperature, mechanism-based degradation, Recyclable thermoset hyperbranched polymers containing reversible hexahydro-s-triazine, Water-processable, biodegradable and coatable aquaplastic from engineered biofilms, Packaging materials with desired mechanical and barrier properties and full chemical recyclability, https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/pressure-sensitive-adhesives-market, https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/2017_facts_and_figures_fact_sheet_final.pdf, https://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications/the-new-plastics-economy-rethinking-the-future-of-plastics-catalysing-action, https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market, https://www.petrochemistry.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/150727_EBAM-Eco-profile-Acrylic-Monomers-1.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry, Functional Acrylate Polymer Synthesis: Postpolymerization Modification Approach. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. Faria, N. R. et al. PDF Nature and Biodiversity M.C.C. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. Life 2021-2027 Degrad. http://olheparaafome.com.br/VIGISAN_Inseguranca_alimentar.pdf (2021). 61, 25842587 (1939). Thank you for visiting nature.com. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. J. Phys. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> H2SO4 with heating (Fig. Clean. The consequences of that death toll can be measured by e0, which indicates the average number of years a newborn would be expected to live if born in a specific year and subject to the prevailing mortality rates in that year throughout life. In the first 4 months of 2021, COVID-19 deaths represented 107% of the total 2020 figures. MRS Bull. Nature 594, 259264 (2021). Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Nature and Biodiversity - axudas.gal <> a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (JanuaryApril) to those reported in 2020 (%). Manag. M.C.C. b, Gap (in years) in state e0 and e65 in 2019 and 2020, calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest life expectancy among states (Methods). Through a multidisciplinary approach, the project intends to improve the conservation status of Caretta caretta, thanks to the establishment of an international network, through the use of the best shared techniques and the use of a monitoring system. GetScriptingEngine End If If Not IsObject (connection) Then Set connection = application. 109, 57555798 (2009). The autonomous nature of this role allows for providers to own the patient's quality of care and allows for collaboration with attending physicians and other providers at the facility with the. Anne J. McNeil. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. 3a). Microwave-assisted hydrothermal decomposition of super absorbent polymers. To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). Overall health conditions of individuals with diabetes worsened in 2020 due to reduced physical activity, postponement of medical appointments and interruption in regular drug treatment31. et al. %PDF-1.7 Eng. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. 166, 108304 (2020). Natl Acad. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. 2 0 obj Our mission was, and remains, to change the way energy is made and used in. BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). Nature and Biodiversity ). Ichiura, H., Nakaoka, H. & Konishi, T. Recycling disposable diaper waste pulp after dehydrating the superabsorbent polymer through oxidation using ozone. <> Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). The Guardian. LIFE 2021 IS PUBLISHED - zabala.eu CAS stream Advancing sustainable materials management: 2017 fact sheet. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV: Nature Governance - Innovation Place The LIFE programme is structured in two fields - Environment and Climate Action - and it contributes to these priorities through its four sub-programmes: Environment field: 1. and S.K. Moreover, mechanical recycling cannot be used with polymers that do not reversibly melt (e.g., crosslinked polymers). 1d). For example, upon heating, polyacrylic acid is known to undergo dehydration and decarboxylation in bulk17 and solution18, respectively. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. Clin. Rev. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. . We surmise that the estimates derived from the decrement life table techniques (DT19 and DT20) are higher than those reported in the text because of additional biases related to violation of the assumption of independence between COVID-19 and other causes and misdiagnosis of cause of death. Among states, Amazonas lost 60.4% of the improvements in e0 since 2000. Opening date: 13 July 2021 Deadline: 30 November 2021 Code: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Programme: LIFE - Programme for the Environment and Climate Action Go to the call Objective To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversity by: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Sci. Adv. "Environment" area. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). Strong business development professional with a PhD focused in Teaching Engineering with Games from Universidade de So Paulo. Third, for both 2020 and 2021, we calculated life tables based on the addition of COVID-19 mortality to the mortality pattern of 2019 (DT19). & Garenne, M. The 1918 influenza epidemics effects on sex differentials in mortality in the United States. Slider with three articles shown per slide. J. Nuzzo, J. x\[s8~w! Syntheses of pressure-sensitive adhesives from petroleum feedstocks (industrial approach) compared to waste diaper-based feedstock (open-loop recycling). Process for Producing Acrylic Acid. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. These results demonstrate that solvent hydrophobicity improves conversion to the ester. In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. Google Scholar. Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) 3, e1700782 (2017). 24, 561564 (2021). We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). We performed all demographic analyses in Microsoft Excel version 16.44 and data cleaning and processing in Stata version 15.1 (Stata Corporation) and R version 4.0.0 (2020). In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. Chang, E. P. Viscoelastic windows of pressure-sensitive adhesives. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. Google Scholar. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. )x"VzdHd&Ffb7kR KK i$M{;* af082!yvy!U"D)|Nei^*|C$Q,Ss$e*jX^/17E`i{dTS7EphB/jd- . Programma Life - Sottoprogramma Natura e biodiversit - Bando per Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. and C.M.T. I tried to learn Python before,. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. sub-programme "Transition to clean energy". Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. We calculated the correlation between the speed of the spread of COVID-19 deaths (measured by the locational Hoover Index)18 and the decline in e0. Chem. Although some cities temporarily closed some businesses in response to the unprecedented COVID-19 surge in early 2021, no financial support was provided from January to March 2021. SAP Certified with fifteen years of SAP development experience in UK and New Zealand. and JavaScript. Frequently Asked Questions Nat. T.A., S.G. and S.K. Peter Bauer, Jonas Brugger, Martin Posch, Sven Drefahl, Matthew Wallace, Gunnar Andersson, Hctor Pifarr i Arolas, Enrique Acosta, Mikko Myrskyl, Ian F. Miller, Alexander D. Becker, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Stefano Amore, Emanuela Puppo, Giuseppe Liotta, Ariel Pablos-Mndez, Simone Villa, Richard Alan Cash, Megan ODriscoll, Gabriel Ribeiro Dos Santos, Henrik Salje, Nature Medicine Labels above bars indicate the states with extreme (high and low) life expectancies in 2019 and 2020. The results from both of these experiments demonstrate that the equilibrium lies far towards the esterification product. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). Heuveline, P. & Tzen, M. Beyond deaths per capita: comparative COVID-19 mortality indicators. Natl Acad. endobj July 4, 2022 life 2021 sap nat naturebritish white cattle for sale in washingtonbritish white cattle for sale in washington and T.A. The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. Process Saf. and M.T.R. <> Rocha, R. et al. a, Ratio of COVID-19 deaths reported in 2021 (January-April) to those reported in 2020 (%). Ohara, T. et al. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. Without a change in coordination of pandemic response, expansion of testing and a rapid increase in vaccination, Brazil will soon become a serious threat to national and global health security42. MARY LUZ MATURAN - SAP Order Management Administrator - LinkedIn Similarly to Brazil, many other countries in Latin America experienced a relatively fast pace of mortality improvement during this period, benefitting from the public health and medical progress of their forerunners9,11. Of the gains achieved in e0 in Brazil over 2 decades, 19% were lost due to COVID-19 (Supplementary Table 8). If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Noymer, A. 7 years of experience in SAP GL-MDM, SAP MDG and SAP ECC (Cost Center, Profit Center & General Ledger). Chem. Chiang, C. L. Introduction to Stochastic Processes in Biostatistics (Wiley, 1968). 4d). Among the states, Amazonas, Rondnia, Roraima and Mato Grosso had the largest declines in e0 in both 2020 and 2021 (Fig. Nmero 30 116 (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatsticaIBGE, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Coordenao de Populao e Indicadores Sociais, 2013). & Bowe, B. High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Skilled in Business Planning, Operations Management, Business Intelligence, and Logistics Management. J. Org. Responsible for the full life-cycle of the first infotainment system in the market, AutoPC built with Microsoft. JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. 29, 233246 (1990). Three-quarters attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian Amazon during a largely unmitigated epidemic. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9.
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