The gold vault, which has about 4,600 tons of gold bullion, will also remain. The understanding is that thats more than likely focused back toward the Pacific back toward our amphibious roots. "Maybe that's why so many people want to talk about basic training at Fort Knox. During their time at Fort Knox, they would train more than. Read full story Mobile Exhibit Company. [citation needed]. As Cadet Summer Training (CST) 2022 comes to a close and 10,000 freshly graduated Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Cadets depart Fort Knox, Ky., it is time to take a look back at some of the successes. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The camp was extended by the purchase of a further 40,000 acres (16,000ha) in June 1918 and construction properly began in July 1918. Train loads of men were sent to Fort Knox from West Virginia, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky. Space is available to support PMI and other concurrent training events within the facility. During the training, large caliber weapons and artillery are used to simulate battle conditions. That same year, Reserve Officer Training Camp's Basic Camp opened at Fort Knox. Fort Knox is a United States Army installation in Kentucky, south of Louisville and north of Elizabethtown. This is accomplished by placing students in classroom and field environments, and presenting them with experiential based, predictive, tactical based, problem solving situations. This is where we can share our experiences, and photos, yearbooks, and stories of the crazy crap, we all went through, while getting our training at Ft. Knox. By Jokertext. General Sullivan retired from the Army after more than 36 years of service, which culminated as the 32nd Chief of Staff. We offer instruction on all of our training devices on a scheduled basis. Aug. 5, 2020 Training. Over the years Fort Knox has used the land to test anti-vehicle weapons as well as nearby facilities for vehicle testing. [18], The Abrams Master Gunner Course (AMG) is a thirty-nine-day course with the mission of creating Master Gunners for the U.S. Army. Maly explained what has changed at the Marine Corps to close its chapter on tanks. The United States Army Armor School (formerly Armored Force School) is a training school located at Fort Benning, Georgia. The following March they were moved to Freeman Field in Indiana. Fort Jackson Basic Training Yearbook 1963 Company A Roster and Photos for Recruit Company A, 3rd Battalion, 1st Training Brigade for 1963, United States Army Basic Training, Fort Jackson, South Carolina. In 1973 I lived in this concrete building while in Basic Combat 288 Maronde Street Fort Knox Contacts Main Address And Phone Numbers Fort Knox 411 Eisenhower Avenue Building 1477 Fort Knox, KY 40121 502-624-6291 DSN 312-464-6291 Former Marines and Sailors from Company E, 4th Tank Battalion, joined the reserve and active duty Marines assigned to the unit to witness its deactivation, which heralded the final chapter of. 20052023 Mashable, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. In 1942, Office of War Information photographer Alfred T. Palmer visited Fort Knox, shooting in exquisitely detailed 4x5 color film to lend the images a monumental, intimidating power. Tank by Fort Knox, KY 1 1919 Tip Top Homestead by Fort Knox, KY CMTC . An infantryman crouches beside a half-track with an M1 Garand. Title- Tank crew standing in front of an M-4 tank, Ft. Knox, Ky. Mashable is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis and may not be used by third parties without express written permission. Parts of the base in Hardin and Meade counties form a census-designated place (CDP), which had a population of 12,377 at the 2000 census, 10,124 at the 2010 census, and 7,742 at the 2020 census. [21], The competition is a physically and mentally demanding world-class event that rigorously tests U.S. Army soldiers, U.S. Marines, and international partners in tank crew maneuver, sustainment, and gunnery skills. As the official healthcare program of the U.S. DoD, TRICARE coverage is accepted by, All the Military Mascots in the U.S. Armed Forces, Were all familiar with Mr. Met, Benny the Bull, and Rocky the Mountain Lion, but did you know. Newly accessed Active Guard Reserve Soldiers attend first AGRIT course. The population density was 591.7 inhabitants per square mile (228.5/km2). This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 19:00. It was responsible for establishing armored formations, doctrine and training in the use of armored vehicles. [3] Eighty thousand students passed through the school in its first four years, with the first class starting November 4th of the same year. U.S. Army Tank Training At Fort Stewart, GA M1A2 Abrams Fort Knox Hunting and Fishing Regulation 200-3; Firearms Regulation; Wilson Archery Range Rules and Map; Firewood Cutting Guidelines; Knox Hills Cantonment Area Archery Deer Hunting Waiver; Hunting Area 1. Cheerfulness kept creeping in." So many Soldiers passed through the gates of Fort Knox in basic training that in 1968, leaders celebrated their one millionth graduate there -- a Pvt. The course mission is to train select non-commissioned officers to assist unit leaders in the planning and implementation of gunnery training programs. Knowing what was to follow, the venue was apposite. The United States Army Ordnance Training Support Facility (formerly known as the U.S. Army Ordnance Training and Heritage Center and U.S. Army Ordnance Museum) artifacts are used to train and educate logistic soldiers. The shooting occurred at Fort Knox's Training Support Center. UH-60 Blackhawk flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies. Today. Fort Dix Basic Training Yearbook 1979 Company C Description from pinterest.com. The division was trained at Fort Knox, Kentucky, July 15, 1940. [6] The brigade is responsible for conducting the following course for the U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, and some international military students: The Armor Basic Officer Leaders Course (ABOLC) is the introductory skills course for United States Army Cavalry and Armor Second and First Lieutenants. Army ROTC - Official site of U.S. Army ROTC Events Fort Knox has long been known for its heavy metals gold bricks and armored tanks. A tank and a sign in front of the Fort Knox post visitor center. Gerald Follmar, who would later graduate from Officer Candidate School and receive his commission. A third of the post has been torn down within the last ten years,[when?] The ultimate mission is being a Marine. Tank Training at Fort Knox in 1942 In June 1942, Office of War Information photographer Alfred T. Palmer (1906-1993) visited Fort Knox, Kentucky, to photograph the 1st Armored Division making ready for battle. In 1947, Army leaders reactivated 3rd Armored Division at Fort Knox to assume command of the replacement training center. Army Life. Fort Knox: Tank training. Parade of M-4 (General Sherman) and M-3 It was used by the Kentucky Air National Guard for several years after the war until they relocated to Standiford Field in Louisville. The Army Human Resources Command Center re-located to Fort Knox from the Washington D.C./Virginia area beginning in 2009. By that time, trouble in Southeast Asia, specifically Vietnam, began and gradually increased over a period of years that began with non-combatant military advisors for the South Vietnamese army and phased into the introduction of regular combat troops in 1965. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In 1962, the 194th Armored Brigade was assigned to the US Army's Combat Developments Command to test new materiel at Fort Ord, California. 88. The M4 and M4A1 Shermans shown here initially made a good showing in battle, but instead of continuing the development of ever more powerful guns and thicker armor, the Army concentrated on production, believing from the good reports from Shermans initial battles against German tanks in North Africa that development could wait. from Mashable that may sometimes include advertisements or sponsored content. By signing up to the Mashable newsletter you agree to receive electronic communications Encourage and facilitate armor and cavalry soldiers career progression and leadership growth. Contact the TADSS Branch for details to establish an account and for the procedures to requesting support. Hunting Area 7. Fort Knox special | Series V753S "Map information as of 1977. An infantryman takes aim with a Browning machine gun. Fort Knox has a daytime population of over 26,000 Soldiers, Family Members and civilian employees. By Kalhan Rosenblatt, Alex Johnson and Doha Madani Three soldiers were killed and three others were injured when their tank overturned into water during an overnight training exercise at Fort. Fort Knox Kentucky 4th Training BGDE 3/46 B Company Nov 1989-Jan 1990 Year Book Pre-Owned C $37.92 Top Rated Seller Was: C $54.18 30% off wilbr_748 (1,152) 100% or Best Offer from United States Sponsored 1957 The United States Army Training Center Armor Year Book Fort Knox KY (D) Pre-Owned C $23.72 Top Rated Seller Was: C $26.96 12% off The new gallery tells the Armor story through a mix of actual combat vehicles, uniforms, soldier equipment, wall displays, and dioramas that also showcase the Armor museum collection. One memory that many basic trainees share is the now iconic sign that everybody passed by during reception that read, "Welcome to the United States Army." Fort Knox T-Shirts for Sale | Redbubble The Virtual Training Facility has five EST2 Systems, a Call For Fire Trainer (CFFT), a virtual Convoy Training Suite (VCTS) and a Squad Advanced Marksmanshp Trainer (SAMT) all are available for scheduling using RFMSS. It was responsible for establishing armored formations, doctrine and training in the use of armored vehicles. One of them, designated Foam 161, was partially charred and melted in the attack upon the Pentagon. Fort Knox Army Base in Hardin, KY | MilitaryBases.com Thats pretty much all Ive known my entire career, and Ive deployed multiple times on them. This project was undertaken with the aim of persuading the public to support President Harry S. Truman's proposal to require all eligible American men to undergo universal military training. In 1936 the 1st was joined by the 13th to become the 7th Cavalry Brigade (Mechanized). Created / Published 1942 June. - "It was armor associated in World War II. This video presents pictures of U.S. Army Basic Combat Training in 1969 at Fort Campbell, KY. It is operated by the United States Department of the Treasury and stores over half the country's gold reserves. FORT KNOX, Ky. Cadets from 11th Regiment, Advanced Camp, completed squad battle drill training today, to prepare for their Field Training Exercise (FTX) that begins tomorrow. Then in 1955, the center was again activated to resume training before 3rd Armored Division moved to Europe the following year. The 1st Cavalry Regiment arrived later in the month to become the 1st Cavalry Regiment (Mechanized). | Strategic Landpower Forum. These photos are personal military photos from the Veterans and of the Veterans that served to protect this great country. This competition is for scout squads from the U.S. Army and international partners. [10], The Scout Leader's Course (formerly the Army Reconnaissance Course or ARC) is designed to train reconnaissance, security leaders and develop advanced skills of R&S. Yes, there will still be, Does CVS Take TRICARE? Train loads of young men were sent to Fort Knox from West Virginia, Indiana, Ohio and. Division Chief These master gunner graduates train unit combat vehicle crews in techniques and procedures to engage the full capability of their weapon platforms in precision direct fire engagements and can support unit level maintenance on Stryker variant fire controls and weapon systems. Fort Knox is located at 3754'09.96" North, 8557'09.11" West, along the Ohio River. Four days of the course are spent in the field and the balance thirty-four days consist of classroom instruction. I was there back in the 1980's and stayed in the old WW2 barracks. He admits that he had to adjust his attitude and mindset before starting basic training. The median income for a household on the base was US$34,020, and the median income for a family was $33,588. On July 1, 1957, the school was given its current name. For the next two years, as engineers and factories rushed to design and manufacture new tanks, the men of the 1st Armored trained at Fort Knox, Kentucky (also home to the famous gold depository). An infantryman takes aim with a Browning machine gun. Medal of Honor: High on Marijuana Peter Lemon Single - warhistoryonline Shows Fort Knox Military Reservation with circles added manually in ink at 2 locations on. By havens-heavenly. Armored Force Headquartered At Ft Knox for WWII, Armored Formations, Doctrine, Training, iSportsman Fort Knox Is Your Go-To Recreation Portal, How TRADOC Trains Soldiers To Dominate the Battlefield, A Peek Inside Fort Knox: The Most Heavily Guarded Military Base, RIP to Marine Scout Sniper Platoons, the Marine Sniper Role is Changing, The Marines are ditching Scout Sniper Platoons as the branch continues to transform. Fort Knox has gone through a lot of changes since 1965, to include the destruction of many buildings such as the old WWII barracks in which many a basic trainee, like Ron Meyer, stayed. Historic Fort Knox | Flickr Basic Training at Ft. Knox, KY - Facebook Note the lower design of the M-4, the larger gun in the turret and the two batches in front of the turret Names Palmer, Alfred T., photographer United States. An infantryman aims an M1 Garand from inside a half-track. Communities near Fort Knox include Brandenburg, Elizabethtown, Hodgenville, Louisville, Radcliff, Shepherdsville, and Vine Grove, Kentucky. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. [17][18], Stripes (1981) was filmed using the exterior of Fort Knox but did not show the inside of the facility for security reasons. The Army moved them to Kentucky in an attempt to avoid further racial conflicts. Jim McCloughan credits Fort Knox basic training with saving his life. 83rd USARRTC Students complete six exams and an all-hands-on exams with 100% accuracy. [11], The Simulations Training Management Course (STMC) trains soldiers assigned to armor brigade combat teams and Stryker brigade combat teams to manage simulation training for stabilized and mounted machine gun platforms. With the outbreak of World War II in Europe, the American Army prepared with the creation of the Armored Force and headquartered it at Fort Knox in the summer of 1940. [26] He pleaded guilty to charges of premeditated murder and aggravated assault, and was sentenced to 30 years in prison on 10 January 2014.[27]. New facilities are under construction throughout Fort Knox, such as the new Army Human Resource Center, the largest construction project in the history of Fort Knox. Built between 1844 and 1869, it was the first fort in Maine built of granite. their way through the woods onto an M136 AT-4 rocket launcher familiarization training exercise June 6 during Annual Training 2015 at Fort Polk. About Us - United States Army Reserve The Ghosts of Fort Knox - World of Tanks official forum [1] Students learn to apply AR 750-1 to determine the effectiveness of a Command Maintenance Discipline Program (CMDP). In 1916, he visited Yosemite National Park, where his mother Harriet worked, for the first time; during this trip, he took a number of photographs and met photographer Ansel Adams. The M3 Lee tanks in the photo represented the largest number of medium tanks in the U.S. Army, at the time, but they were essentially 1939 technology, developed as a stopgap that could be manufactured in large numbers very quickly. John Hunt Morgan[12] and the 2nd Kentucky Cavalry Regiment of the Confederate Army raided the area before staging his infamous raid across Indiana and Ohio.[13]. In addition, the Armor School is known around the globe as an educational. Sept. 7, 2021 - The U.S. Army Reserve has . Another of Urbahns' memories involved painful road marches along three unforgettable hills in the area known as Misery, Agony and Heartbreak. These statistics are generally typical for military bases. Primary mission is to produce and ship TRADOC approved training devices to Training Support Centers, installations and unit locations army wide. It is a $185 million, three-story, 880,000-square-foot (82,000m2) complex of six interconnected buildings, sitting on 104 acres (42ha). History :: U.S. Army Fort Knox: Gold Standard Army Installation According to the Kppen Climate Classification system, Fort Knox has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[55]. Serving the Rugged Professional", Survivor Outreach Services | Total Army Sponsorship | Safety, Human Resources | Civilian Expeditionary Workforce, U.S. Army Environmental Command | Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy & Environment, Directorate of Plans, Training, Mobilization & Security, Directorate of Family, Morale, Welfare and Recreation (DFMWR), U.S. Army Marketing and Engagement Brigade, 83rd U.S. Army Reserve Readiness Training Center, Mission and Installation Contracting Command (MICC), Knox Resident Agency, Army Counterintelligence Region 1-Southeast, Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy & Environment. The changes are part of a military reorganization announced by the Pentagon five years ago. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000, "US Army Armor Center- Family & Community", "Fort Knox, Kentucky Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", Ireland Army Community Hospital, (at Fort Knox), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Knox&oldid=1140016777, Census-designated places in Hardin County, Kentucky, Census-designated places in Bullitt County, Kentucky, Census-designated places in Meade County, Kentucky, Training installations of the United States Army, Military installations established in 1861, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Kingsolver Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 1), Van Voorhis Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten-Grade 5), U.S. Army Marketing and Engagement Brigade. Please consider making a donation to our site. [15], The Mobile Gun System Commander's Course (MGSCC) is designed to train officers and non-commissioned officers to be technically and tactically proficient on the Stryker Mobile Gun System (MGS). fort knox yearbook for sale | eBay The site quickly became the center for mechanization tactics and doctrine. You grow to love the beast.. This Page is for all the men who went through Basic at Ft.Knox, who remember the Misery, Agony, and Heartbreak! For protection after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States and the Gettysburg Address were all moved for safekeeping to the United States Bullion Depository until Major W. C. Hatfield ordered their release after the D-Day Landings on 19 September 1944.[16]. As a small kid, Pete was a true daredevil, always on a hunt for dangerous challenges. Soldier With Rifle In Training - Fort Knox 1942 Classic T-Shirt. [14] In April 1918, field artillery units from Camp Zachary Taylor arrived at West Point for training. With the outbreak of World War II in Europe, the American Army prepared with the creation of the Armored Force and headquartered it at Fort Knox in the summer of 1940. M3 Tank Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images "It's a bittersweet day," said retired Lt. Col. Richard Ardisson, a former tank commander who attended the transfer of command ceremony. The MT will apply knowledge to assist leaders with C-IED training, planning, executing, and supervising at company and battalion level. In 2011, the U.S. Army Armor School was relocated to "The Maneuver Center of Excellence" at FT Benning, GA. Fortifications were constructed near the site in 1861, during the Civil War when Fort Duffield was constructed. The graduation pic of our company. Staff Duty:304-377-3450, Gaffey Hall In April 1942, Fort Knox served as the location of an important testing location for the Navy. The victim was an employee of the United States Army Human Resources Command and was transported to the Ireland Army Community Hospital, where he was pronounced dead. Within the military community, Fort Knox is recognized worldwide as the home of the M1 Abrams Tank crewman training program. Prior to the incident, Hill's coworkers claimed they were afraid of a mentally unstable person who was at work. The second training module cover AGTS, MGS AGTS, and COFT-SA manager's functions, track crew progression, system troubleshooting, and PAAR capabilities or VBS3 scenario development based on platform specific student needs. | Army Organic Industrial Base Modernization Implementation Plan, Local Vietnam veterans showcase personal objects from their service, The U.S. Army releases a two volume book about Operation Enduring Freedom, Army announces upcoming 2nd BCT, 1st Armored Division, unit rotation, U.S. Army celebrates women's contributions and service, U.S. Army proposes innovative solution for historic housing, Department of the Army announces upcoming 1st Armored Division Headquarters unit rotation, Department of the Army announces upcoming 3rd ABCT, 1st Armored Division deployment, Department of the Army announces 1st Armored Division deployment, Department of the Army announces 1st Armored Division's Sustainment Brigade deployment, Department of the Army announces 3rd Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division deploy, Department of the Army announces 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division deployment. Maly said the day represented a difficult moment for more than just the tankers of Company E, as the theater filled up to capacity to witness the historic moment. The area was contested by both Union and Confederate forces. In the 1930s, he became the official photographer aboard ships belonging to shipping companies Dollar Line, Matson, and Moore-McCormack Line. Soon after, the center received yet a new name, this time as the "Armor Center" and "Armor School.". M551 & M60 tank training at Fort Knox - YouTube It was the first armored division of the U.S. Army to see battle in World War II. 1st Armored Division (United States) | Military Wiki | Fandom Leoncio Estrada. The history of the U.S. Army's Cavalry and Armored forces, and of General George S. Patton's career, is shown at the General George Patton Museum[3] on the grounds of Fort Knox. [21], The Gainey Cup is named in honor of Command Sergeant Major William "Joe" Gainey, the first Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC). All rights reserved. In May 2010, The Human Resource Center of Excellence, the largest office building in the state, opened at Fort Knox. It is one of the few World War II wooden structures remaining on Fort Knox and is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. There were 3,015 housing units at an average density of 144.1/sqmi (55.6/km2). Asbestos was used in barracks, family housing, and even fire stations on Fort Bragg. Marines in the audience also stood. You can also support us by signing up to our Mailing List. MGCC is taught in 27 days in four modules:[17], The mission of the Master Gunner is to train the unit for combat and act as subject matter expert for all weapon system platforms in the Armored Brigade Combat Team (ABCT). Patton M60 Tank USA Armor Center Fort Knox Classic T-Shirt. In 1947, Fort Knox hosted the Universal Military Training Experimental Unit, a six-month project that aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of providing new 18-20 year-old Army recruits with basic military training that emphasized physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Under new authority, it became known as U.S. Army Training Center-- Armor, and comprised about half of the entire population of Fort Knox. Building 2396 Jaime Palomo, inspector instructor at the unit and the acting first sergeant, said he too is sad to see the tanks leave. Fort Knox bids farewell to final armor unit at Marine tank company FORT KNOX, Ky. An announcement has been circulating across U.S. military email accounts lately describing a pilot program designed to help spouses lan. Most were then sent off to other camps for work projects. Order of Battle - 1-AD (Activation) HHC, 1st Armored Division HHC, 1st Armored Brigade A small contingent of Company E, 4th Tank Battalion, stood in formation on the stage to formalize the end of the units 70-plus year history as an armor unit. The pics are from the Graduation Book presented to us. A construction worker helps build a new power line into the rapidly growing installation. During World War II, armor made great advancements through the development of new tanks, organization and training. According to the Census Bureau, the base CDP has a total area of 20.94 square miles (54.23km2), of which 20.92sqmi (54.18km2) is land and 0.03sqmi (0.08km2)0.14%is water. Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, reliable, independent, third-party sources, United States Army Reconnaissance and Surveillance Leaders Course, Counter-Improvised Explosive devices (C-IED), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, "Chiarelli: Armor School moving home to Benning", Armor Basic Officer Leaders Course (ABOLC), Maneuver Leaders Maintenance Course (MLMC), Dismounted C-IED Tactics Master Trainer/9E-F59/950-F38, M1A1/M1A2 SEP Tank Commanders Course and MGS Commanders Course, Mobile Gun System Commanders Course 2E-SIR4/020-ASIR4, BRADLEY INFANTRY FIGHTING VEHICLE SYSTEMS MASTER GUNNER 010-ASIJ3, Sullivan Cup Precision Gunnery Competition, 2019 GAINEY CUP BEST SCOUT SQUAD COMPETITION, Excellence in Armor, Building Tomorrow's NCO Corps Today, Thunderbolt Blast, Armor School Newsletter, Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Army_Armor_School&oldid=1139559610, Articles with a promotional tone from February 2020, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2020, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, M1A2 SEPv2 Abrams System Maintainer (91A), Bradley Fighting Vehicle System "Maintainer" (91M), Integrate ASA principles and Human Behavior Pattern Recognition and Analysis (HBPR & A) problem-solving into training and combat operations, Mitigate insider threats using (HBPR & A), Apply Human Behavior Pattern Recognition and Analysis to Soldier fitness and resilience, Sustain ASA basic knowledge, abilities and attitudes training, Maintenance training, which focuses on identifying malfunctions, troubleshooting, and maintaining the Bradley Fighting Vehicle turret components, Gunnery training, which focuses on unit training plan development and briefs, and increasing lethality in unit gunnery programs. Additional instruction focuses on maintenance information systems, that is, how battalion/squadron level systems interface with higher level maintenance organizations and Global Combat Support System-Army (GCSS-A) to order repair parts for the battalion/squadron. Old Barracks, Ft. Knox, KY.brings back some serious memories. Students focus on applying the fundamentals of reconnaissance and security, as well as established doctrine and TTPs, into the planning of various high intensity and counter insurgency operations in time constrained environments. The camp was named for Major General Henry Knox, Chief of Artillery for the Continental Army during the . It re-located to Fort Lee, outside Petersburg, Virginia. It includes replicating the equations that govern how aircraft fly, how they react to applications of flight controls, the effects of other aircraft systems, and how the aircraft reacts to external factors such as air density, turbulence, wind shear, cloud, precipitation, etc.
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