The Ekale Dancers from South-West Cameroon - YouTube [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. Photo by Eli Bentor. Cross River Cultural Heritage: reports from home and from the African Photo by Eli Bentor. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. The cult members are usually violent and self-destructive to the point of committing suicide. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. Hope all is well. [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. Having associated broadly with foreigners in the pre-colonial era and . Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. Original African systems of recording information in symbols include the Nsibidi script, of the Ekpe society of the Ejagham of Cameroon and Nigeria. According to him . Talbot asserts that a great cotton tree had fallen down on many of the Abayen and in their pride of numbers, they believed they could hold the cotton tree. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. Types of African Print Fabrics You Should Know Of - Fashinza Mr. . ""Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating - NSUWorks What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. Group members would disguise themselves as leopards, wearing leopard skins, carrying claw-like weapons, and attacking their prey. During weddings, the bride wears at least two different nyny. Sample Translation: The Sacred Language of the Abaku - JSTOR The process of creating this richly symbolic cloth is laborious. The Ekpe-men are ranked in seven or nine grades, for promotion to each of which fresh initiation ceremonies, fees and oaths are necessary.[1]. One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. Tanzania and the Art of Africa | JTArtRave Right now, Ekpe . [53] Some of the kings have been identified in the past by Etubom Ukorebi Ukorebi Asuquo in Aye's Efik people. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. [51] The Enwang people who were fishing at Duke town saw the twins approaching and fled in terror saying "Mbiomo oduk ine"(English: A curse has befalling our fishing sites). [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. La communaut cubaine Abakudescendante des communauts fik Ekp et Ejagham gb du Sud Est du Nigria et du Sud Ouest du Camerouna t fonde la Havane dans les annes 1830 par des leaders capturs des villages de Cross River. Oral tradition holds that a type of clothing known as "Itu ita" was the earliest fabric imported into Old Calabar. Ralph Lauren on Twitter AHR ~ 125 One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. African art - Igbo | Britannica This theory asserts that the Efik migrated from Palestine or somewhere close to Palestine. clothing stores in columbia mall Two nations; one language, culture - Daily Trust Write the meaning in the blank. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. While some explorers describe the Efik as travellers who past through the Ibibio country, others assert that the Efik are of Ibibio stock. I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. PDF Cuban Abakua Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence ekpe society cameroon - impactonoticia.news Archaeological evidence found that the group was extremely advanced in education for its time, and headed the construction of the Valley of the Kings. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". [51] Due to the custom of killing twins, Edem Efiom is said to have aided Okoho Efiom in sneaking out of Creek town to Nsutana. Due to the volume of cultural exchange, many other ethnic groups have often been regarded as being one with the Efik such as Kiong and Efut. [62][63] The first missionaries arrived in 1846. Unblock notifications in browser settings. [19], The Ibibio origin of the Efik is one of the most popular among scholars. Prior to Akak, the theory were proposed at the Hart's enquiry by Chief Offiong Abasi Ntiero Effiwatt and Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku.[25][26]. A delegation of kp 'leopard' society initiates, as well as family members, traveled from Mamfe, Manyu Division of southwest Cameroon, to Yaound, the Cameroon capital to honor and reclaim the body of their leader and father, who had recently transited to the ancestors. ________. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. and Dahomean towns, and among the tribes of Congo and the Cameroon.17 According to the same author, Ngbe, was another society influenced by the Ekoi and originally considered Egb [Ekp]. Niki Buroro Agbor Jerome - Field Fellowship Kokolopori Bonobo Research The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. Brooklyn Museum [52] The Captains wrote the acting consul who was stationed at Fernando Po. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power. Among the earliest proponents of the Ibibio origin theory are Consul Hutchinson who stated, "The present inhabitants of Duke town, Old town and Creek town are descendants of the Egbo shary or Ibibio tribe up the Cross River. Ukara: Ritual Cloth of the Ekpe Secret Society - YouTube Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Voice of the Leopard: African Secret Societies and Cuba - AfroCubaWeb This village was originally named Ta Set Maat. [69] The society is divided into five main grades such as Nkanda, Oku akama, Nyamkpe, Okpoho and Ebonko. [71] Meals such as Iwewe were fed to children and old people with no teeth or fragile teeth. The Ogboni is a fraternity indigenous to Nigeria, Benin and Togo. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. The Neegee is a cannibalistic group that feeds on human flesh to satisfy their God, and to gain power from that God. Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. ,sister Watz. [65] Cannons were shot at the town and every house was levelled to the ground. [51] When the twins were older, they left for the opposite end of the island to Duke town. Hope Waddell, Samuel Edgerley and four others. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. Ekpe society | African secret society | Britannica These secret societies were used to uphold the legal decisions of the Council of Elders or of the community as a whole, they also ensured conformity in certain rituals and in social behaviour and undertook certain public works for the community (n.d.). [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. Further Perspectives on Kifwebe Masquerades - MIT Press Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. History of the Ekpe masquerade and secret society of the Efik people The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. [66] Letters were also sent by King Eyo Honesty II to introduce missionaries and technocrats into the country with emphasis on the latter. A list of some of Africa's most prominent cults and secret societies of all time. PDF Symbolic values of clothing and textiles art in traditional and You are using an out of date browser. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. In modern-day Efik society, nyny is worn on various occasions such as weddings and traditional events. Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade: Volume 1, The Sources It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). Finding links between Africa and the Americas You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Afropop Worldwide | Interview: Ivor Miller 2007 [52] The missionaries respected the native law but the European Captains acted rashly and desired that an example be set on Obutong. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. The kp 'Leopard' Society of Africa and its Cuban Diaspora: A [67] Communities within the Calabar metropolis such as Efut, Kiong and Qua also speak and understand the Efik language. In this light, the Cameroon National Council of Traditional Rulers would be a welcomed . The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. Copyright Dr. Ivor L. Miller. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. Ndibo Yevengo- Abakua & Ekpe events; Cuba-Calabar Radio . nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. Cuban Abaku Chants: Examining New Linguistic and Historical Evidence Imbued with transcendental aura, ukara conveys the sacrality and prestige of the Ekpe secret society. The economics of the society is based on paying tribute to the village ancestors. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). (a) What are the Clowns trying to accomplish in this scene? One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. Probably about 8000 BC one group reached Nigeria by an overland route and settled at Ibom (Arochuku) there they erected the famous shrine now known as the Long Juju of Arochuku. The society is still active at the beginning of the 21st century, now playing more of a ceremonial role. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". Flashlight on drama & film : a drama for situation analysis guide Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. Alcoholic content may be increased via adding the red bark of Edat (Sacoglottis gabonensis) to the wine. A fraternal society that emerged in the western culture between the 16th and 7th century. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. [26] At Uruan, they were ruled by a number of priest-kings Ndidem. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. The group is gaining grounds as it seems to incessantly predict the total destruction of the planet earth. Efik Traditional Attires The Efik are an ethnic group - RefinedNG Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. The most popular migration account within the Nigerian space asserts that the Efik people lived at Ibom in the present-day Arochukwu and migrated from Ibom to Uruan. In The River Between, Waiyaki's father, Chege, is: The new, white man's religion is represented by the: Early in the story, Waiyaki undergoes his "second birth". Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. Welcome to brotherhood Illuminati where you can becomerich famous and popular and your life story we be changetotally my name is Dan Jerry I am here to share mytestimony on how I join the great brotherhood Illuminatiand my life story was change immediately . Ekpe cult, the leopard cult, and a male masquerade cult of the Efik, in cross river state of Nigeria, followed by Doomsday cult (prediction of total destruction of planet earth), then the. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. Cameroon: Manyu Cultural Counsellor Honoured - allAfrica.com kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the These artists sew the white cloths with raffia thread so that parts of the ukara (in a pattern of nsibidi symbols) will not be exposed during the dyeing process. Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. Several types of English dresses were introduced to Efik women such as the Victorian dresses known in Efik as nyny. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. In the culture we have discussed, the term nyama refers to: the power which exists in all things, which can be controlled only by special persons. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. History The Ekoi people, while all speaking the same language, have not tended to live in complete unison. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . [57] The diary of Antera Duke, an Efik, is the only surviving record from an African slave-trading house. [44][52] Aye uses Adiaha Etim Anwa's ballad as one of the basis for his hypothesis. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. It proved to be the source of supreme authority in all Efik towns, and its institutions provided, in the past, the highest court whose verdicts transcended all else. The Decline of Ekpe Masquerade amongst the Efik Speakers The Efik acted as the middlemen between the European vessels and the inland slave traders. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. [78] Raffia palm clothing (Efik: f Ndam) could also be exported from other communities especially when a community made the best raffia clothing. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. of Old Calabar by the Ekpe secret society, which was controlled by the towns merchant houses. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. The persistence oftheAbakua society contradicts the official construction ofa Cuban national identity. The Ekpe Society. Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs.
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