For example, Tommy Dorsey played with a beautiful tone and control on the trombone. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. attractive to general listeners. Goodmans band was the first to integrate black and white musicians. Bandleaders dealt with these obstacles through rigid discipline (Glenn Miller) and canny psychology (Duke Ellington). $27.95. His bebop collaborations with trumpeter Dizzy GILLESPIE are some of the greatest moments in music history. initiated by a 4-measure lead-in improvised over a "C" chord [22] Some bandleaders, such as Guy Lombardo, performed works composed by others (in Lombardo's case, often by his brother Carmen),[23] while others, such as Maria Schneider, take on all three roles. Basie, Count. His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Other swing bands in New York City and beyond incorporated the defining elements associated with the Kansas City tradition to which they added their own stamp, as did Chick Webb and His Orchestra (Stomping at the Savoy, 1934), and Lionel Hampton and His Orchestra (Flying Home, 1942). Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. and the Lincoln Center Jazz virtuosity. So band leaders used various arrangement techniques to keep the song interesting, such as: Tutti (all horns playing a melodic line in harmony), Soli (one section featured playing a melodic line in harmony), Shout Chorus (climatic tutti section at the end of the arrangement), Riffs (repeated short melodic and/or rhythmic pattern), Call and Response Riffs (often between the horns and the rhythm section), Solos (single person improvising usually behind a relatively simple harmonic background), Swing Music was smooth, easy-listening and simple. trumpet. The jazz musician relies on three basic elements of the song to develop Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 The Great Depression, which started with the stock market crash in 1929, and WWII which ended in 1945. Foremost, they accentuated the movement of choreographed dancers. rock . YouTube clip with basic piano chords, click here to see a YouTube widespread popularity of big band/swing was accelerated by the rise of dozens rapidly with both black and white audiences. daring arrangements of classic jazz tunes. Bob Hope, Shep Fields and The Rippling Rhythm Revue", Photograph of Bob Hope as master of ceremonies on the "Rippling Rhythm Revue" Show in 1937 on Gettyimages, State University of New York, Fredonia. Many musical styles contributed to its birth. PDF Chapter Six: "In the Mood": the Swing Era, 1935-1945 The 194244 musicians' strike worsened the situation. Cool Jazz Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? As jazz was expanded during the 1950s through the 1970s, the Basie and Ellington bands were still around, as were bands led by Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, Earl Hines, Les Brown, Clark Terry, and Doc Severinsen. have emerged: "Free jazz" (a "random" loosely-structured YouTube clip with basic piano chords). sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely Trumpet image courtesy: PJ via Wikimedia Commons, Saxophone image courtesy: via Wikimedia Commons, Keyboard image courtesy: Eurotuber via Wikimedia Commons, Double Bass image courtesy: David Price via Wikimedia Commons, Drum set image courtesy: Pbroks13 via Wikimedia Commons, Gumbo image courtesy: Amadscientist via Wikimedia Commons, For more than 10 years, The Classic Swing Band of Dallas has offered the best in live entertainment. Led by an African American woman, this 16-member band gained notoriety across the United States and in Europe, despite the challenge of imposed racial and gender restrictions. often feature virtuoso performers, on uses "call and response" piece several times, but the most famous is from 1942, with the following From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. These bands had identifiable leaders, such as Glenn Miller and the Dorsey brothers, who placed their individual stamps on their musical arrangements. Gloria Parker had a radio program on which she conducted the largest all-girl orchestra led by a female. photo by Patricia Schneider. The Glenn Miller Band worked the best jobs and recorded often. A ballad is a simple song, usually romantic in nature, and uses the same melody for each stanza. Carnegie Halls interactive Timeline of African American Music is dedicated to the loving memory of the late soprano and recitalist Jessye Norman. In But there were a few instrumental popular hits, such as Count Basie's "One O'Clock Jump" and Miller's "In the Mood." 3. - Swing as Popular Music 1. At these venues, which themselves gained notoriety, bandleaders and arrangers played a greater role than they had before. Some bands, like those of Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Woody Herman, that performed in the 1920s, 1930s, or 1940s continued to perform successfully into the 1970s and 1980s. By the end of the war, swing was giving way to less danceable music, such as bebop. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. The invention of ______ helped the record industry to recover in the mid-1930s. Big bands uplifted morale during World War II. Swing bands featured orchestras with sections of trumpets, saxophones, and _________________. GILLESPIE: Koko (1945). Beacon, 2002. [24] In many cases, however, the distinction between these roles can become blurred. His efforts helped make it possible for jazz musicians to earn a decent wage. Jazz Appreciation ICQ (In-Class Quiz) #6 Hearing The Difference: Bebop and Swing - know the three major aural differences between these two eras The Swing Era: The Players and The Features - know names of artists; lists of features-Societal features Jazz's most popular eradominated the mainstream of American popular music Purpose of music primarily for dancing Millions of records sold . Jazz Big Band Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection [3] In the 1940s, Stan Kenton's band used up to five trumpets, five trombones (three tenor and two bass trombones), five saxophones (two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, one baritone saxophone), and a rhythm section. Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. Daniels, Douglas. The Cotton Club started in Harlem before it moved downtown. Many arrangements contain an interlude, often similar in content to the introduction, inserted between some or all choruses. History of Swing Bands Timeline of African American Music Orchestra. Only hotel-type bands such as that of Guy Lombardo and select jazz players such as Benny Goodman found consistent employment. He was a pianist, accompanist, and music director for blues singers, dancers, and comedians. White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. freedom vs. chaos. Pop Brass Sample Libraries: A Buyers Guide - Sound On Sound [51] Fictionalized biographical films of Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman were made in the 1950s. Fish, Scott K. Duke Ellington vs Chick Webb: We Tore Them Up, Man. March 1, 2016. https://scottkfish.com/2016/03/01/5221/. Big Band Music - The Most Popular Swing & Jazz Orchestras - Jazzfuel Big bands started as accompaniment for dancing. A prominent feature of swing music is a leading brass section, which is often provided by a trumpet. As the soloistic improvisations intensified, bebop players such as saxophonist Charlie "Bird" PARKER often But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. That makes them the shrimp or Andouille sausage in the Gumbo that is swing music. saxophonist Gerry MULLIGAN (of the Gerry Mulligan Quartet hbbd``b`:$g@Hp,@,Fb 0 O3 Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. Swing music was performed by a larger ensemble consisting of saxophones (sometimes also clarinets), trumpets, and trombones. These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. Critics and historians refer to these groups as ghost bands because of the absence of their leaders and new personnel. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. L6G9MTRv&hVSOC9Y)~06CW)j#8qE#C?YOK%d\SC9IT~U {J;F\m`F># The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). One of the most common forms used in jazz However, its so large that its most often placed upright next to the bassist when its being played. creating a style known as "Dixieland" Jazz or With the exception of Jelly Roll Morton, who continued playing in the New Orleans style, bandleaders paid attention to the demand for dance music and created their own big bands. In the 1970s, popular fusion groups included BLOOD, SWEAT & TEARS, CHICAGO, and SANTANA Ellington recorded this Big bands of today are not all from an earlier era. Swing music began appearing in the early 1930s and was distinguished by a more supple feel than the more literal 44 of early jazz. And because of this, Swing had a greater emphasis on written-out composition and arrangements. Pianist and vocalist Sarah Vaughan also influenced many singers. This intermingling of sections became a defining characteristic of big bands. Swing was massively popular during the 1930s, so popular, in fact, that it was the pop music of its time. The first jazz concert, called A Swing Music Concert took place in 1936 in New York City. Ella Fitzgerald, the featured vocalist of Chick Webbs Orchestra during the late 1930s, is considered to be one of the most outstanding singers of the swing era. A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. is called the "12-bar blues." Swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and . In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. Here are the five most common swing band instruments, and how they commonly fit into swing music. And they played dance music. New York in the late 1920s. Up until that time, it was viewed with ridicule and looked upon as a curiosity. The better jazz musicians of swing bands would form swing combos within most large bands. Big band | Lindypedia | Fandom All the big bands would go up there. the following instruments: The in its strictest There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. is a Professor Emeritus in the Departments of Black Studies and History, and former Chair of Black Studies and Asian American Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm, the first multiethnic all-female swing band, formed in 1937 at Piney Woods County Life School, Mississippi. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which The project is also supported in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts. West Side Story. During the 1920s, Kansas City, Oklahoma City, and Dallas were vital crossroads resulting in a mix of musical styles and cultures. A. Rolfe, Anna Mae Winburn, and Ina Ray Hutton.[35]. Many college and university music departments offer jazz programs and feature big band courses in improvisation, composition, arranging, and studio recording, featuring performances by 18 to 20 piece big bands.[46]. Asthe name of that sound suggests, Count Basie played in Kansas City. Yes drums are like the Roux or Fil in Gumbo. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. * "C" Jam Blues (1942). the late 1950s led to the more daring experiments of "free jazz" by
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