This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes . But if he just bumped into the table, and it happened to fall off the table and break, and it was an accident, then you might be more likely to say, the flute broke, or the flute broke itself, or it so happened to Sam that the flute broke. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's a Sunday afternoon, and it's raining outside. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe, watching Netflix or something. Google Podcasts - hidden brain Could this affect the way, you know, sexism, conscious or unconscious, operates in our world? That is exactly why you should say fewer books instead of less books in some situations and, yes, Billy and I went to the store rather than the perfectly natural Billy and me went to the store. There are different ways to be a psychologist. Those are quirks of grammar literally in stone. See you next week. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. Hidden Brain - You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose - Google Podcasts So for example, for English speakers - people who read from left to right - time tends to flow from left to right. He's a professor of English and comparative literature at Columbia University and the author of the book "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". Hidden Brain - Google Podcasts I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). But it's so hard to feel that partly because our brains are on writing, as I say in the book. They shape our place in it. Hidden Brain on Apple Podcasts But I think that we should learn not to listen to people using natural language as committing errors because there's no such thing as making a mistake in your language if a critical mass of other people speaking your language are doing the same thing. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. How does that sound now? If you're just joining us, I'm talking to John McWhorter. "Most of the laughter we produce is purely . Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. Maybe it's even less than a hundred meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your coat on over your pajamas and put your boots on and go outside and walk those hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness. VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #7: (Speaking foreign language). Or feel like you and your spouse sometimes speak different languages? Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. - so one skull but two different minds, and you shift from one to the other. And a girl goes in this pile. Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. And then he would take a Polaroid of the kid and say, well, this is you. So bilinguals are kind of this in-between case where they can't quite turn off their other languages, but they become more prominent, more salient when you are actually speaking the language or surrounded by the language. BORODITSKY: Yeah. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. Hidden Brain Claim By Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Podcasts RSS Web PODCAST SEARCH EPISODES COMMUNITY PODCASTER EDIT SHARE Listen Score LS 84 Global Rank TOP 0.01% ABOUT THIS PODCAST Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Hidden Brain: You, But Better on Apple Podcasts 50 min You, But Better Hidden Brain Social Sciences Think about the resolutions you made this year: to quit smoking, eat better, or get more exercise. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. So that's a measurement difference of 100 percent of performance. ROB LOWE: (As Chris Traeger) Dr. Harris, you are literally the meanest person I have ever met. We'd say, oh, well, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales or whatever. You-uh (ph). If a transcript is available, you'll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. I'm . Growing up, I understood this word to mean for a very short time, as in John McWhorter was momentarily surprised. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Not without written permission. VEDANTAM: Many of us have dictionaries at home or at work, John. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. Lera, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. Newsletter: Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Languages are not just tools. Each generation hears things and interprets things slightly differently from the previous one. What do you do for christmas with your family? Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, by Harry T. Reis, et. Hidden Brain on RadioPublic In The Air We Breathe : NPR UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. So there are some differences that are as big as you can possibly measure. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. But somehow they've managed, not just by randomly bumping into each other. If the language stayed the way it was, it would be like a pressed flower in a book or, as I say, I think it would be like some inflatable doll rather than a person. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. But it turns out humans can stay oriented really, really well, provided that their language and culture requires them to keep track of this information. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. And MIT linguist Ken Hale, who's a renowned linguist, said that every time a language dies, it's the equivalent of a bomb being dropped on the Louvre. L. Gable, et. The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? You also see huge differences in other domains like number. So these speakers have internalized this idea from their language, and they believe that it's right. VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. VEDANTAM: I understand that if you're in a picnic with someone from this community and you notice an ant climbing up someone's left leg, it wouldn't make a lot of sense to tell that person, look, there's an ant on your left leg. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter. How do you balance the imperative of teaching correct usage? The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. VEDANTAM: You make the case that concerns over the misuse of language might actually be one of the last places where people can publicly express prejudice and class differences. Hidden Brain - KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. The dictionary says both uses are correct. You can't touch time. BORODITSKY: Yeah. Subscribe: iOS | Android | Spotify | RSS | Amazon | Stitcher Latest Episodes: Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button This is NPR. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. In many languages, nouns are gendered. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. And that is an example of a simple feature of language - number words - acting as a transformative stepping stone to a whole domain of knowledge. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. VEDANTAM: The word chair is feminine in Italian. And there are consequences for how people think about events, what they notice when they see accidents. Each language comprises the ideas that have been worked out in a culture over thousands of generations, and that is an incredible amount of cultural heritage and complexity of thought that disappears whenever a language dies. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. You do the hokey pokey and you turn yourself around. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. Something new will have started by then, just like if we listen to people in 1971, they sound odd in that they don't say like as much as we do. But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. If you liked . I'm Shankar Vedantam. My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. They're more likely to see through this little game that language has played on them. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. That's because change is hard. Reframing Your Reality: Part 1 | Hidden Brain Media Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. native tongue without even thinking about it. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and how to keep difficult emotions from sabotaging our wellbeing. But if you seed a watermelon, nobody assumes that you're taking seeds and putting them in the watermelon, you're taking them out. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. * Data source: directly measured on Listen Notes. For example, if you take seeds and put them in the ground, that's one thing. Now, many people hear that and they think, well, that's no good because now literally can mean its opposite. I said, you know, this weird thing happened. But actually, that's exactly how people in those communities come to stay oriented - is that they learn it, (laughter) right?
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